水肥一体化条件下减量施肥对黄芪种苗生长及需肥特性的影响  

Impact of reduced fertilization and fertigation on growth and nutrient demand of Astragalus membranaceus seedlings

作　　者：乌日古木拉 兰天 赵巴音那木拉 张俊民 白雪原 杨楠 吴智超 红梅 WU Rigumula;LAN Tian;ZHAO Bayinnamula;ZHANG Junmin;BAI Xueyuan;YANG Nan;WU Zhichao;HONG Mei(College of Grassland and Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Alxa League750306,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Security and Green Development in Inner Mongolia Autonomous RegionHigher Education,Region Hohhot Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010018,China;Shaanxi Kanghui Pharmaceutical CO.,Ltd,Xianyang 712000,China;Naiman Banner Medicine Research and Development Center,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [3]阿拉善盟农业技术推广中心,内蒙古阿拉善盟750306 [4]内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室,农业生态安全与绿色发展自治区高等学校重点实验室,呼和浩特010018 [5]陕西康惠制药股份有限公司,陕西咸阳712000 [6]奈曼旗药材研究发展中心,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2025年第4期24-35,共12页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(M2042002);定向培肥改土与种养循环协同的绿色种植技术研发项目(2022YFD1900302)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对黄芪生产中存在的施肥不合理、水肥利用率低等问题,研究水肥一体化减氮技术对黄芪养分吸收规律、产量及增长增效,为科尔沁沙地黄芪育苗施肥提供数据支撑。【方法】本研究以黄芪种苗(A.mongholicus)为研究对象,在内蒙古科尔沁沙地设置了水肥一体化条件下氮肥减量优化试验。设置对照(CK)、常规施肥+喷灌撒施(CS)、常规施肥+水肥一体化(CW)、总氮减量30%+水肥一体化(TW)和总氮减量50%+水肥一体化(FW)5个处理。探究水肥一体化条件下黄芪种苗的生长规律和需肥特性,筛选出最优处理。【结果】①利用水肥一体化技术后明显改变黄芪性状,提高了根长长度及根鲜质量。②出苗后83~118 d是干物质积累最快的时期,也是氮、磷、钾吸收强度最大的时期。③与常规施肥+微喷撒施处理相比,水肥一体化减氮30%处理肥料利用率有明显效果,产量提高15.93%,节水达到33.33%,纯收益提高32648.26元/hm^(2)。【结论】研究得出总氮减量30%+水肥一体化(TW)是最优处理,可为黄芪集约化种植过程中水肥一体化减氮技术提供了参考。【Objective】Following China’s mandate for zero growth in fertilizer use in agricultural production,improving fertilizer and irrigation water efficiency has become a key priority for sustainable agriculture.Astragalus mongholicusis an important medicinal herb grown in Northwestern China.This study investigates how reducing fertilizer application combined with fertigation(integrated fertilizationand irrigation)influences the growth and yield of Astragalus mongholicus.【Method】The experiment was conducted on sandy soil in Horqin,Inner Mongolia,focusing on Astragalus mongholicusseedlings.It included five treatments:conventional fertilization combined with spraying irrigation(CS),conventional fertigation(CW),conventional fertigation with a 30%nitrogen reduction(TW),and conventional fertigation with a 50%nitrogen reduction(FW).During the experiment,plant growth parameters and fertilizer requirements were measured for each treatment.【Result】①Fertigation significantly improved plant growth traits,particularly root length and fresh root mass.②Between 83 and 118 days after seedling emergence,the plant exhibited the fastest dry matter accumulation and the highest demand for phosphorus and potassium absorption.③Compared to conventional fertilization combined with micro-spraying irrigation,reducing nitrogen application by 30%combined with fertigation increased nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency,crop yield by 15.93%,and water use efficiency by 33.33%,leading to a net income increase of 32648.26 yuan/hm2.【Conclusion】Our results provide valuable insights for optimizing nitrogen,phosphorus,and water application in the intensive and sustainable cultivation of Astragalus mongholicusin the studied region.

关 键 词：黄芪 种苗 需肥特性 水肥一体化 氮肥减量 

分 类 号：S28[农业科学—农业水土工程]