不同类型急性运动对久坐大学生工作记忆的影响  

Effects of different types of acute exercise on working memory among sedentary college students

作　　者：陈九 刘培钰 孔哲 谢军[1] CHEN Jiu;LIU Peiyu;KONG Zhe;XIE Jun(Capital University of Physical Education,Beijing(100191),China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院休闲与社会体育学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2025年第3期330-334,共5页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家体育总局科技创新项目(24kjcx88)。

摘　　要：目的探讨不同类型急性运动对久坐大学生工作记忆的影响,为开展运动干预提供依据。方法2023年4月15日—5月30日,在北京某大学招募42名久坐大学生,采用单盲完全随机分组实验设计,随机分为开放式运动组、封闭式运动组和对照组,每组14人。开放式运动组进行30 min羽毛球运动,封闭式运动组进行30 min跑步运动,对照组静坐30 min。所有受试者在干预前后完成工作记忆2-back任务,并记录脑电数据。对实验前后测得的行为学和脑电数据进行重复测量方差分析。结果开放式运动组、封闭式运动组和对照组的正确率时间主效应(0.90±0.06,0.94±0.05;0.88±0.05,0.94±0.05;0.85±0.10,0.90±0.06)差异有统计学意义(F=37.14,P<0.01);反应时的时间主效应、组别与时间交互效应[(923.65±145.08,711.56±140.93;909.59±180.28,807.85±169.66;917.05±166.35,871.86±186.07)ms]差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为70.55,11.83,P值均<0.01)。采用重复测量方差分析干预前后结果显示,3组正确率和反应时均优于前测,组间正确率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);开放式运动组的反应时快于对照组(P<0.05),封闭式运动组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。P2波幅的时间主效应和时间与组别交互效应有统计学意义(F值分别为10.60,7.66,P值均<0.01),开放式运动组的P2波幅高于对照组(P<0.05),而封闭式运动组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);N2波幅仅在时间主效应上有统计学意义(F=5.94,P<0.05);P3波幅的时间和电极点主效应及组别与时间交互效应均有统计学意义(F值分别为23.16,4.53,5.85,P值均<0.05),两个运动组P3波幅高于对照组(P值均<0.05),两运动组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论开放式运动对久坐大学生工作记忆的改善效果优于封闭式运动。Objective To explore the effects of different types of acute exercise on the working memory of sedentary college students,so as to provide a basis for exercise intervention.Methods From April 15 to May 30,2023,a total of 42 sedentary college students were recruited from one university in Beijing.Using a single-blind,completely randomized experimental design,participants were randomly assigned to an open-skill exercise group,a closed-skill exercise group,or a control group,with 14 participants in each group.The open-skill exercise group engaged in 30 minutes of badminton,the closed-skill exercise group performed 30 minutes of running,and the control group remained seated for 30 minutes.All participants completed a 2-back working memory task and had their electroencephalogram(EEG)data recorded before and after the intervention.Results The accuracy rates of the open-skill exercise group,closed-skill exercise group,and control group(0.90±0.06,0.94±0.05;0.88±0.05,0.94±0.05;0.85±0.10,0.90±0.06)showed a significant main effect of time(F=37.14,P<0.01).Reaction times[(923.65±145.08,711.56±140.93;909.59±180.28,807.85±169.66;917.05±166.35,871.86±186.07)ms]showed both a significant main effect of time and a significant interaction between group and time(F=70.55,11.83,P<0.01).Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that all three groups improved in accuracy and reaction time compared to pre-test values,with no significant difference in accuracy between groups.However,the reaction time of the open-skill exercise group was significantly faster than that of the control group(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between the closed-skill exercise group and the control group(P>0.05).For EEG data,the P2 amplitude showed a significant main effect of time and a significant interaction between groups and time(F=10.60,7.66,P<0.01),with the open-skill exercise group exhibiting a higher P2 amplitude than the control group(P<0.05),while the closed-skill exercise group showed no significant difference compared to the contr

关 键 词：运动活动 久坐生活方式 工作 记忆 干预性研究 学生 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] G806[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] Q427[文化科学—运动人体科学]