基于抗原表位的ASFV检测方法与疫苗研发进展  

Advances in African Swine fever virus Detection and Vaccine Development Based on Antigenic Epitopes

作　　者：李翡翡[1] 徐国铭 茹毅 陈曙晖 冯汉青[1] LI Feifei;XU Guoming;RU Yi;CHEN Shuhui;FENG Hanqing(College of Life Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,College of Veterinary Medicine,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730046,China;Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730046,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学生命科学学院,兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所,兰州730046 [3]兰州大学动物医学与生物安全学院动物疫病防控全国重点实验室,兰州730046

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2025年第2期80-93,共14页China Biotechnology

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划资助重点研发(25YFFA062);甘肃省重点研发计划(22YF7NA119);甘肃省高校产业支撑计划(2023CYZC-20)资助项目。

摘　　要：非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是一种由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)引发的急性且高度传染性的动物疾病,其致死率极高,对全球的生猪产业造成了巨大的经济损失,并严重阻碍了产业的健康发展。ASFV属于Asfarviridae科的DNA虫媒病毒,深入研究其抗原表位对开发检测方法和疫苗至关重要。随着抗原表位不断被发现,基于酶联免疫吸附技术和免疫层析技术的血清学检测方法已被广泛应用于检测猪血清中的抗体,用以快速评估猪群的疫病状态。已有研究通过筛选和鉴定如p30、p54、p72和CD2v等在ASFV感染过程中诱导特异性抗体反应的蛋白质,利用单克隆抗体和生物信息学工具,定义了众多线性和构象表位,为诊断检测方法和疫苗的开发奠定了基础。然而,病毒基因组的复杂性给疫苗和抗病毒药物的研发带来了巨大挑战,商业化的ASFV疫苗和治疗药物尚未问世,研究人员不断探索包括亚单位疫苗在内的多种疫苗策略,并通过基因编辑技术,开发出了一些有潜力的候选疫苗,但仍需进行更深入的研究以提高疫苗的安全性和有效性。因此,对国内外ASFV抗原表位研究、相关抗体检测技术及抗ASF疫苗研发方面的最新进展进行总结,旨在为开发新型高效检测技术和病毒疫苗提供参考及启示。African swine fever(ASF)is an acute and highly contagious animal disease caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV),which is extremely lethal,causing huge economic losses to the global swine industry and seriously hindering its healthy development.ASFV is a DNA arbovirus belonging to the Asfarviridae family,and an in-depth study of its antigenic epitopes is essential for the development of detection methods and vaccines.With the continuing discovery of antigenic epitopes,serologic assays based on ELISA and immunochromatographic techniques have been widely used to detect antibodies in swine sera,aiming to assess the status of pigs.By screening and characterizing proteins such as p30,p54,p72,and CD2v that induce specific antibody responses during ASFV infection,studies have defined numerous linear and conformational epitopes using monoclonal antibodies and bioinformatics tools,laying the foundation for the development of diagnostic assays and vaccines.However,the complexity of the viral genome poses a significant challenge to the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs,and no commercialized ASFV vaccines or therapeutic agents are available.Although,researchers have continued to explore multiple vaccine strategies,including subunit vaccines,and have developed some promising vaccine candidates using gene editing technology,more in-depth studies are needed to improve the safety and efficacy of vaccines.Therefore,recent advances in ASFV antigenic epitopes,related antibody detection technologies,and anti-ASF vaccine development are reviewed with the aim of providing references and insights for the development of novel and efficient detection technologies and viral vaccines.

关 键 词：非洲猪瘟病毒 疫苗 抗原表位 诊断检测 

分 类 号：Q816[生物学—生物工程]