非洲猪瘟病毒免疫逃避机制研究进展  

Progress in the Study of Immune Evasion Mechanism of African Swine Fever Virus

作　　者：杨思宇 李海洋 高永宇 桑辰君 曹玉蝶 唐越 李子彬 李芳 高凤山[1,4] YANG Siyu;LI Haiyang;GAO Yongyu;SANG Chenjun;CAO Yudie;TANG Yue;LI Zibin;LI Fang;GAO Fengshan(College of Life and Health,Dalian University,Dalian 116622,China;State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention,National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory,Harbin Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150069,China;College of Animal Medicine,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Dalian Key Laboratory of Animal Virus Antigenic Epitope Screening and Protein Engineering Drug Development,Dalian 116622,China)

机构地区：[1]大连大学生命健康学院,大连116622 [2]中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所、动物疫病防控全国重点实验室、国家非洲猪瘟专业实验室,哈尔滨150069 [3]吉林农业大学动物医学院,长春130118 [4]大连市动物病毒抗原表位筛选及蛋白质工程药物研发重点实验室,大连116622

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2025年第2期113-126,共14页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32273022)资助项目。

摘　　要：非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)感染引起的一种急性、出血性、烈性传染病,死亡率可高达100%,对畜牧业造成严重影响。ASFV已在非洲、欧洲及亚洲等多地蔓延,因其结构复杂且具备独特的免疫逃避机制,使得疫苗研发工作未曾取得突破性进展。系统阐述了近期ASFV研究的新进展。在探讨免疫逃避机制方面,深入阐释了ASFV运用多种蛋白质对宿主免疫系统实施调控的具体方式。详细阐明了ASFV通过干扰cGAS-STING、RIG-I-MAVS及JAK-STAT等关键信号通路,抑制干扰素生成,从而削弱宿主抗病毒能力的机制;进而剖析了ASFV编码的各类蛋白质在调控炎症反应、细胞凋亡、焦亡、自噬以及影响抗原提呈功能等诸多免疫相关进程中的作用机制,这些研究有助于深化对ASFV与宿主免疫相互作用的理解。未来ASF研究方向,一方面应借助持续革新的生物学技术,持续深入探究ASFV未知基因的功能及其在免疫逃逸中的作用机制,以探寻更多广谱疫苗及药物的潜在靶点;另一方面,需加强疫苗研发工作,设计出更具针对性与有效性的疫苗。此外,须强化ASF综合防控措施,实施分区防治,最终实现对ASF的有效防控。African swine fever(ASF),an acute,hemorrhagic,and fulminating infectious disease caused by the African swine fever virus(ASFV),causes an extremely high mortality rate,as high as 100%,and thus has a severe impact on the livestock industry.Currently,ASFV has spread to several regions,including Africa,Europe,and Asia.However,vaccine research and development has not yet achieved a significant breakthrough,mainly due to its complicated genome structure and special immune evasion mechanism.In this paper,recent progress in ASFV research has been comprehensively reviewed.Research into the mechanism of ASFV immune evasion has further elucidated the specific ways in which ASFV regulates the host immune system through multiple proteins.The mechanism,by which ASFV inhibits interferon production by interfering with key signaling pathways such as cGAS-STING,RIG-I-MAVS,and JAK-STAT,ultimately weakening the host’s antiviral ability,has been elucidated.Furthermore,the interaction mechanisms associated with various immune processes,,including inflammatory response regulation,apoptosis,pyroptosis,and autophagy by various proteins encoded by ASFV are being studied in detail.This research will contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between ASFV and host immunity.In terms of future research directions,there are some points that need more attention.On the one hand,the function of unknown ASFV genes and their interaction mechanisms in immune evasion should be continuously explored with the aid of continuously updated biotechnologies in order to find out more potential targets for broad-spectrum vaccines and drugs.On the other hand,it is crucial to significantly increase efforts in vaccine research and development to develop more precise and effective vaccines.Moreover,it is indispensable to strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control measures for ASF,such as implementing on prevention and control regionalization for ASF,to realize the effective control to ASF in the end.

关 键 词：非洲猪瘟病毒 免疫 逃避机制 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]