古菌酯酶的最新进展及应用  

Recent Advances and Applications of Archaeal Esterases

作　　者：吕佳萱 龙启福 朱德锐 邢江娃 LV Jiaxuan;LONG Qifu;ZHU Derui;XING Jiangwa(Department of Basic Medical Sciences,Medical College,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学医学院基础医学部,西宁810016

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2025年第2期147-163,共17页China Biotechnology

基　　金：青海大学青年科研基金(2022-QYY-15);人社部2021年度高层次留学人才回国资助项目。

摘　　要：酯酶是全球商业化的重要酶类,其最有趣和有待被探索的来源之一是古菌酯酶。古菌酯酶通常表现出广泛的pH、温度和底物特异性,不同程度的对金属离子、溶剂和盐的耐受性,以及特定的区域、化学和立体选择性,是重要的工业生物催化剂,在医药、化工、环境生物修复、食品加工等领域具有巨大的应用潜力。然而,目前只有少数古菌酯酶被描述,且由于古菌酯酶产量低、稳定性差等原因阻碍了其进一步被挖掘和应用。对嗜盐古菌酯酶和超嗜热古菌酯酶两大古菌酯酶的分布、酶学性质表征和应用前景进行了综述,介绍了固态发酵、基因工程策略、固定化技术和纳米技术等能够显著提升古菌酯酶产量与性能的相关技术,并对古菌酯酶的后续开发与应用进行了展望。Esterases are important enzymes commercialized worldwide,and one of the most interesting and unexplored sources is archaeal esterases.Archaeal esterases typically exhibit a wide range of pH,temperature,and substrate specificities,varying degrees of tolerance to metal ions,solvents,and salts,as well as specific regioselectivities,chemoselectivities and stereoselectivities,which make them important industrial biocatalysts with a great potential for applications in the fields of pharmaceuticals,chemicals,environmental bioremediation,and food processing.However,only a small fraction of archaeal esterases have been characterized to date,and their further exploration and applications have been hampered by low yields and poor enzyme stability.Here,we systematically summarize the distribution,enzymatic characterization and application prospects of two major archaeal esterases,namely,halophilic archaeal esterases and hyperthermophilic archaeal esterases,review the related technologies that can significantly enhance the yield and performance of archaeal esterases including solid-state fermentation,genetic engineering strategy,immobilization technology,and nanotechnology,and discusss the prospects for further development and applications of archaeal esterases.

关 键 词：古菌酯酶 嗜盐古菌 超嗜热古菌 固定化技术 纳米技术 

分 类 号：Q814.9[生物学—生物工程]