西方有关中国古代朝贡体系学说的再省思  

Rethinking Western Interpretations of the Traditional Chinese Tributary System

作　　者：孙卫国[1] Sun Weiguo

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院

出　　处：《国际汉学》2025年第2期24-35,156,共13页International Sinology

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“韩国汉文史部文献编年与专题研究”(项目编号:21ZD242)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪60年代,美国学者费正清以“同心圆理论”为核心,建构了古代“中国世界秩序”论。20世纪80年代,巴菲尔德认为历史上中原王朝与中亚游牧部族是彼此依存的“两极”关系。21世纪王贞平用“多极的亚洲”说质疑唐朝中心论;康灿雄则提出朝贡体系不仅存在于中原王朝与游牧部族及藩属国之中,更是古代东亚各国交往的基本准则,广泛存在于古代东亚各国的政治、经济、外交与思想之中。每种学说对于朝贡体系都作出了一定程度上的解说,形成虚、实两种认知。只有综合考察,坚守中国立场,既看到各说长处,又批评其缺点,才能清晰地认知古代朝贡体系的多重面相,从而更准确地把握中国历史。John K.Fairbank put forward the theory of“the Chinese world order”in the 1960s,centering on the“concentric circles theory”.In the 1980s,Thomas Barfield proposed that the Central Plain dynasties and the nomadic tribes were interdependent“bipolarities”in Chinese history.In the 21st century,Wang Zhenping questioned the centrism of the Tang dynasty with the theory of“multi-polar Asia”in East Asia;while David C.Kang pointed out that the tributary system not only existed between the Central Plain dynasties and its nomadic tribes as well as the neighboring countries,but also was the basic criterion for their exchanges in politics,economy,diplomacy and ideology of ancient East Asian countries.Each theory represents a different interpretation of the tributary system,forming two types of cognition:virtual and real.Only adhering to the Chinese position,by comprehensively examining the advantages and disadvantages of each theory from China’s perspective,can we clearly understand the multiple aspects of the ancient tributary system,so as to grasp Chinese history more accurately.

关 键 词：费正清 巴菲尔德 王贞平 康灿雄 朝贡体系学说 

分 类 号：K207.8[历史地理—历史学]