城市化与极端热浪天气对城市热环境的协同影响——北京和巴黎对比研究  

Synergistic effects of urbanization and extreme heat wave weather on urban thermal environment:Comparative study of Beijing and Paris

作　　者：马小娇 苗世光 李玉焕[1,2] 王梓茜 MA Xiaojiao;MIAO Shiguang;LI Yuhuan;WANG Ziqian(Institute of Urban Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100089,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100089,China;Beijing Meteorological Service Center,Beijing 100089,China;China Academy of Urban Planning&Design,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]北京城市气象研究院,北京100089 [2]中国气象局城市气象重点开放实验室,北京100089 [3]北京市气象服务中心,北京100089 [4]中国城市规划设计研究院,北京100037

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2025年第1期1-12,共12页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42330608);中国气象局重点创新团队(CMA2022ZD09);北京市自然科学基金项目(8222050)共同资助。

摘　　要：采用百米级睿图-城市预报系统结合自动气象站和ERA5数据,模拟分析2023年6月北京和2019年7月巴黎极端高温热浪事件期间城市下垫面对城市热环境的影响,并结合城市天气气候背景、地形和城市特征探究影响差异的原因。结果表明:百米级模式结合高分辨率土地分类数据能够合理模拟近地面气象要素和城市热岛的精细化时空分布。高温热浪期间,在高空脊控制、晴空微风天气背景下,北京和巴黎城市下垫面对白天气温升高的贡献较热浪前分别增加0.20℃和0.55℃,夜间增加1.40℃和0.83℃。热浪期间,巴黎感热通量比北京更强,导致白天升温更显著,北京地面储热高则是北京城市化对夜间升温贡献大的主要原因。从空间分布来看,北京城市下垫面对夜间南下的山风减速明显,对城区热环境的影响呈“东南高、西北低”分布;巴黎市地形平坦,不受山谷风的影响。The synergistic effects of the extreme heat wave events in Beijing in June of 2023 and Paris in July of 2019 and urbanization on the urban thermal environment were simulated using the O(100 m)RMAPS-Urban model combined with data from automatic meteorological stations and ERA5 data.The mechanism was analyzed through the points of weather and climate background,topography and urban characteristics.The results show that the O(100 m)model combined with high-resolution land classification data can reasonably simulate the fine spatio-temporal distribution of near-surface meteorological elements and urban heat island.During the heat wave events,under the background of high-altitude ridge and clear air breeze,the contribution of urban factors to daytime air temperature rise increased by 0.20℃ and 0.55℃in Beijing and Paris,and increased by 1.40℃ and 0.83℃at night.During the heat wave events,the sensible heat flux in Paris is stronger than that in Beijing,resulting in greater contribution of urbanization to daytime temperature rise,while the higher ground heat storage in Beijing is the main reason for the greater contribution of urbanization to nighttime temperature rise.Urbanization has significantly slowed down the southerly mountain winds in Beijing at night,resulting in a"southeast higher and northwest lower"impact of urbanization on temperature in Beijing,while Paris has a smoother terrain and is not affected by valley winds.

关 键 词：高温热浪 城市热环境 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P458.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]