基于ENVI-met的小尺度空间优化对近地表O3生成的影响  

Influence of Spatial Optimization on Near-Surface O3 Production in Small-Scale Areas Based on ENVI-met

作　　者：刘旭 LIU Xu(National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center,Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Ecology and Environmental Protection,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态环境保护科学研究院,国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心,北京100037

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2025年第4期821-829,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：北京市科技计划项目(No.Z211100004321006)。

摘　　要：为研究城市下垫面空间优化对区域臭氧(O_(3))生成的影响,以北京市东四监测子站2023年数据为基础,选取近地表气温、风环境、相对湿度等气象因子,构建O_(3)生成气象指数(OPMCI),采用ENVI-met模拟4种情景的小尺度空间近地表气象条件,其中,基准情景为实际下垫面情况,情景1较基准情景增加了硬化地面,情景2优化了建筑高度与朝向,情景3增加了城市空间绿化。结果表明:①北京市东四监测子站O_(3)日最大8 h平均浓度(O_(3)-8 h浓度)与气温和太阳短波辐射均呈显著正相关(R均大于0.7),与相对湿度和风速均呈负相关,但相关性不高。②增加城市绿化可实现近地表降温、增湿和遮挡太阳直射辐射,OPMCI整体可下降0.12,从而减缓O_(3)生成。调整建筑高度和布局可影响近地表风环境,改变O_(3)扩散条件,但风向和风速有明显的分布差异性,对O_(3)浓度影响复杂。大面积连片的砖石或沥青等硬化地面可加剧城市低湿环境产生,进一步促进O_(3)生成。③大气污染溯源应结合近地表空间微气候环境特点,判断O_(3)生成及扩散是否存在不利因素。研究显示,城市下垫面条件是影响近地表O_(3)生成的因素之一,优化城市空间可调节微气候环境,减缓近地表O_(3)生成。未来应尽量避免出现大面积连片式城市集中建设区,以免促进近地表O_(3)生成。可借力“双碳”目标,推进旧城建筑改造立体绿化、增加绿色空间,逐步实现城市下垫面更新,减少促进近地表O_(3)生成的前提条件。To understand the effects of urban surface spatial optimization on the production of ozone(O_(3)),meteorological factors such as near-surface air temperature,wind environment,and relative humidity were selected to establish an Ozone Production Meteorological Condition Index(OPMCI).Using the data from Beijing Dongsi Monitoring Station in 2023,ENVI-met simulation was performed to simulate the near-surface meteorological conditions under four different scenarios.The baseline scenario reflected actual near-surface conditions.Scenario 1 incorporated increased impervious surfaces compared to the baseline,Scenario 2 optimized building height and orientation,and Scenario 3 enhanced urban greening spaces.The results showed that:(1)O_(3)-8 h at Beijing Dongsi Monitoring Station exhibited strong positive correlations with temperature and shortwave solar radiation(R>0.7),and weak negative correlations with relative humidity and wind velocity.(2)Increasing urban greening reduced surface temperature,enhanced humidity,and mitigated direct solar radiation,resulting in a 0.12 decrease in the OPMCI and O_(3)production.Adjusting building heights and layouts altered wind dynamics,affecting O_(3)dispersion.However,variations in wind direction and speed introduced complexity to the effects on O_(3)concentrations.Widespread impervious surfaces,such as brick or asphalt,amplified arid conditions that are conducive to O_(3)production.(3)Source apportionment of atmospheric pollution should consider the microclimatic characteristics near the surface to assess the detrimental factors for O_(3)production and dispersion.This study shows that urban surface conditions are one of the factors influencing near surface O_(3)production,and optimizing urban spatial configuration can regulate the microclimate environment and reduce near surface O_(3)production.Future urban development should avoid large,contiguous construction zones to prevent O_(3)production.Leveraging the‘carbon peak and carbon neutrality’goals to promote the vertical greening of

关 键 词：臭氧(O3) 气象条件 近地表 空间优化 ENVI-met 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]