生物刺激素研究进展及其对解决中国农业面源问题的启示  

Research Progress of Biostimulant and Its Enlightenment for Solving Agricultural Non-Point Source Problems in China

作　　者：谢一夫 许秋瑾[2] 夏青 XIE Yifu;XU Qiujin;XIA Qing(College of Horticulture,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Beijing Carbon Reduction Dual Control Technology Service Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100036,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学园艺学院,北京100193 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [3]北京降碳双控技术服务有限公司,北京100036

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2025年第4期830-839,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2022YFC3204105-01)。

摘　　要：生物刺激素(Biostimulant)是一类包含特定微生物和多种混合物质的生物制剂,它们虽然与直接的营养物质无关,但能显著促进植物生长,增强植物对养分的吸收和利用能力,同时提高植物的抗逆性。大量文献资料表明,生物刺激素将成为实现可持续农业发展的推动力。为此,本文对国内外生物刺激素领域的发展历程和最新研究成果进行了综述。结果表明:①生物刺激素的概念最早于1944年提出,其定义到2017年逐渐明确,研究者认为是刺激植物生长过程的物质,与营养含量无关,可改善植物的养分利用效率、非生物胁迫的耐受性以及土壤或根际中限制性养分的可利用性,因其与可持续农业的关联,它的发现被誉为开启“可持续农业发展的新时代”。2007年,国外研究开始对生物刺激素产品进行初步分类,2015年分类体系得到进一步完善。生物刺激素的原料和制备技术多样,利用各种类型的废弃物和回收物制备新型生物刺激素的方法日益增多,具有应用前景。②查阅国际应用研究发现,生物刺激素有减少化肥和农药使用、增加作物产量的多个实证案例。以农业废弃物为原料生产的生物刺激素,则是农业废弃物循环利用的新产物。③我国生物刺激素的研究始于2015年,初期研究主要集中于提升农业产量。近期研究扩展到从污水处理厂的活性污泥中提取生物刺激素的新技术,此技术不仅实现了资源的循环利用,还完成了产品安全评估和田间安全施用的验证,这是我国在环境保护与农业发展跨界融合方面取得的创新成果。④欧洲生物刺激素监管制度从分散到统一,由农药管理转向肥料管理,促进了产业发展,欧盟的经验对我国发展生物刺激素产业具有重要的借鉴作用。为解决中国农业面源污染问题,可利用生物刺激素从源头减少养分流失,实现农业发展与环境保护双赢。建议加强跨学Biostimulants are a category of biological agents that include specific microorganisms and a variety of mixed substances.Although they are not directly related to nutrients,they can significantly promote plant growth,enhance the absorption and utilization of nutrients by plants,and at the same time,improve the plant's resistance to stress.A large amount of literature indicates that biostimulants will become a driving force for achieving sustainable agricultural development.Therefore,this article reviews the development history and the latest research achievements in the field of biostimulants both domestically and internationally.The literature indicates:(1)The concept of biostimulants was first proposed in 1944,and its definition gradually became clear by 2017.Researchers believe that these are substances that stimulate the plant growth process,unrelated to nutrient content,and can improve the nutrient utilization efficiency of plants,tolerance to abiotic stress,and the availability of limiting nutrients in the soil or rhizosphere.Due to its connection with sustainable agriculture,its discovery is hailed as the opening of a‘new era for sustainable agricultural development.’In 2007,foreign research began to preliminarily classify biostimulant products,and in 2015,the classification system was further improved.The raw materials and preparation technologies of biostimulants are diverse,and the methods of preparing new types of biostimulants using various types of waste and recyclables are increasingly common,showing application prospects.(2)International applied research findings show that biostimulants have multiple empirical cases that reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and increase crop yields.Biostimulants produced from agricultural waste are new products of agricultural waste recycling.(3)Research on biostimulants in China began in 2015,with initial research mainly focusing on increasing agricultural output.Recent research has expanded to new technologies for extracting biostimulants fro

关 键 词：生物刺激素 农业面源问题 跨界合作 监管制度 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程]