关于健全我国土壤污染隐患排查整改标准体系的若干思考  

Thoughts on Improving Soil Contamination Hazard Identification and Remediation Standard System in China

作　　者：沈宗泽 郭观林 李慧颖 黄鑫 张萌 张雪峰 蒋晶 谢云峰 SHEN Zongze;GUO Guanlin;LI Huiying;HUANG Xin;ZHANG Meng;ZHANG Xuefeng;JIANG Jing;XIE Yunfeng(Technical Centre for Soil,Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2025年第4期872-882,共11页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2020YFC1806704)。

摘　　要：土壤污染隐患排查整改是土壤污染重点监管单位的法定义务之一,是支撑土壤污染源头防控、推动在产企业土壤环境质量稳中向好的重要工作。我国土壤污染隐患排查整改工作处于起步阶段,标准体系尚不完善,工作成效有待进一步提升。本文系统梳理分析了国内外在产企业土壤污染预防相关政策法规、标准体系现状及工作启示,回顾总结我国土壤污染隐患排查整改工作在技术标准制定、质量管理探索等方面的发展历程及实践经验,深入剖析面临的问题,并提出建议。经梳理发现目前我国主要存在四方面的典型问题:工作重点不突出,与安全生产管理等工作存在重叠;排查技术体系不完善,隐蔽性重点设施设备渗漏检测与实时监测技术标准不足;整改标准体系不健全,重点行业土壤污染隐患整改标准缺乏;质量监管体系不完善,内外部质量控制措施不足。鉴于此,针对性提出三方面工作建议:借力安全生产管理等明确工作定位和边界,突出隐蔽性重点设施设备等隐患排查工作重点;构建“1个总指南+N个重点行业排查指南+X个重点设施渗漏排查和监测规范+Y个重点行业隐患整改工程技术规范”排查整改技术体系;增强内生动力和强化外部约束,多措并举健全质量监管体系等,为我国正在全面推动的土壤污染源头防控行动、严防新增污染提供技术标准保障和质量监管保障。The identification and rectification of soil contamination hazards are essential legal obligations for key soil pollution supervision and management entities.These actions support soil pollution prevention and source control,and promote the improvement of soil environmental quality at industrial sites.However,in China,this process is still in its early stages,the existing standard system is incomplete,and there is still room for improvement in work effectiveness.This paper systematically reviews the current status and policy revelations concerning soil pollution prevention for domestic and international enterprises,focusing on relevant regulations and standard systems.It also summarizes the historical development and practical experience in the formulation of technical standards for identifying and rectifying soil contamination hazards as well as exploring quality management.China has made progress in establishing technical and quality management systems for identifying and rectifying soil contamination hazards.However,there are still several key issues such as insufficient focus on the issue,overlap with safe production requirements,incomplete identification(especially in leakage detection and real-time monitoring of concealed key facilities and equipment),lack of rectification standards in key industries and inadequate internal and external quality supervision measures.To address these challenges,the author proposes three key suggestions:(1)Emphasize the importance of hazard identification.(2)Construct a technical system for identification and rectification that includes‘1 general guideline+N industry-specific identification guidelines+X guidelines for key facility leakage identification+Y rectification engineering technical specification for key industries’.(3)Enhance both internal motivation and external constraints to improve the quality supervision system.These measures aim to provide robust technical standards and quality supervision for soil pollution prevention,source control,and prevention of new co

关 键 词：土壤污染 隐患排查整改 标准体系 源头防控 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]