新疆典型绿洲全氟化合物的污染特征、源解析与生态风险评估  

Pollution Characteristics,Source Apportionment and Ecological Risk Assessment of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Typical Oases of Xinjiang

作　　者：朱宇 张晋 ZHU Yu;ZHANG Jin(School of Geography,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学地理科学学院,广东广州510631

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2025年第4期931-940,共10页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.42077156)Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077156)。

摘　　要：新疆绿洲地区城市化的快速发展伴随着工业扩张和人口增长,对本就脆弱的水生生态系统构成了潜在威胁,深入研究全氟化合物(PFASs)的环境行为对于理解其对生态系统稳定性和生态平衡的潜在影响具有一定意义。本文聚焦新疆三工河和策勒河流域,采用高效液相色谱-质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)技术对地表水中PFASs进行定量分析,并结合主成分分析-多元线性回归(PCA-MLR)模型和风险商值法(RQ)进行源解析及生态风险评估。结果表明:①2019年7−8月,三工河PFASs浓度范围为0.9~17.8 ng/L,策勒河PFASs浓度范围为0.8~16.2 ng/L。②短链全氟羧酸是主要污染物,其中全氟丁酸(PFBA)占总PFASs的59.4%~65.0%。③三工河PFASs的主要来源为生活源(47%),其次是大气运输及湿沉降和农药使用(41%)以及前体降解(12%);而策勒河PFASs的主要来源为纺织品处理和农药使用。④三工河和策勒河PFASs的RQ值均远小于0.1,表明水体中PFASs的生态风险较低。研究显示,当前新疆三工河和策勒河流域PFASs的污染水平整体较低,造成的生态风险可以忽略,这为当地水资源管理和生态保护提供了重要数据支持。Rapid urbanization,industrial expansion and population growth pose potential threats to the fragile aquatic ecosystems in the oasis areas in Xinjiang.As a typical emerging pollutant,in-depth research on the environmental behavior of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)was significant for understanding their potential impact on ecosystem stability and ecological balance.This study focused on the Sangong River and Qira River basins in Xinjiang,employing high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS)to quantify the concentrations of PFASs in surface water.The sources were identified and quantified using a principal component analysis-multiple linear regression(PCA-MLR)model,and the ecological risks were characterized using the risk quotient(RQ).The results showed:(1)In July-August 2019,The total concentration of PFASs ranged from 0.9 to 17.8 and 0.8 to 16.2 ng/L in the surface water of the Sangong River and the Qira River.(2)Short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids were the primary pollutants,with perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)accounting for 59.4%to 65.0%of the total PFASs.(3)The multiple receptor models identified that domestic sources(47%),atmospheric transport and wet deposition,as well as pesticide use(41%),and precursor degradation(12%)were three major sources of PFASs in the Sangong River.For the Qira River,the main sources of PFASs were textile treatment and pesticide use.(4)The RQ values of PFASs in the Sangong River and Qira River were well below 0.1,indicating that the ecological risks of PFASs were relatively low.The results showed that the overall pollution level of PFASs in the Sangong River and Qira River basins was relatively low,and the resulting ecological risks were negligible.

关 键 词：新疆 全氟化合物(PFASs) 源解析 生态风险 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]