重大工程驱动基础理论突破和原始创新的系统机制——基于循环流化床锅炉示范工程的纵向案例追踪研究  

The Systematic Mechanism of Megaprojects in Catalyzing Foundational Theoretical Breakthroughs and Original Innovations:An In-depth Longitudinal Analysis of the Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Demonstration Megaproject

作　　者：张闳肆 姜树凯 方元欣 王昭星 ZHANG Hongsi;JIANG Shukai;FANG Yuanxin;WANG Zhaoxing(Center for Strategic Studies,Chinese Academy of Engineering,Beijing 100088,China;Department of Energy andPower Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;General Office,Chinese Academy of Engineering,Beijing 100088,China;School of Public Policy&Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Public Policy&Management,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国工程院战略咨询中心,北京100088 [2]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084 [3]中国工程院办公厅,北京100088 [4]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049 [5]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2025年第3期41-60,共20页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

摘　　要：重大工程对于国家高质量发展和科技整体实力提升具有显著的带动作用。研究在大型复杂系统工程驱动下,基础理论突破和原始创新是如何形成的,具有理论价值和现实意义。运用复杂系统观,基于对600兆瓦超临界循环流化床锅炉示范工程的纵向案例研究,追踪中国循环流化床锅炉技术从“跟跑”“并跑”到“领跑”的33年发展进程,发现重大工程的复杂整体特性通过引导大量组织参与者的跨界联动以及多学科领域知识的融合,推动“基础理论—工程实践”的反复迭代和螺旋上升,从而形成世界首台超临界循环流化床锅炉的重大原始创新。基于重大工程情境提出了复杂创新系统的概念。This study aims to delve into the mechanisms through which major engineering projects foster fundamental theoretical breakthroughs and original innovations,shedding light on their pivotal role in propelling a nation's high-quality development and overall technological prowess.By examining the 600 MW supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler demonstration project,the study seeks to illuminate the essential contributions of major engineering endeavors in technological progress and multidisciplinary collaboration,thereby offering a profound understanding of the innovation processes and evolutionary dynamics within complex systems.Adopting a complex systems perspective,this study employs longitudinal case study methods to trace the evolution of China's circulating fluidized bed boiler technology from a position of"follower"to"competitor"and ultimately to"leader"over a period of 33 years.The research involved collecting and meticulously analyzing a vast array of historical data,technical documents,and project reports.The focus was on examining the integration of multidisciplinary knowledge,the fostering of cross-boundary collaboration,and the iterative process of"theoretical foundation-engineering practice"within the context of major engineering projects.By leveraging Qian Xuesen's system methodology,the study proposes a complex innovation system model for major engineering projects.This model encompasses comprehensive analysis,top-level design,system decomposition,and integrated synthesis,aiming to effectively manage complexity and drive continuous innovation.The findings reveal that the intricate characteristics of major engineering projects significantly facilitate the iterative and spiral progression of"theoretical foundation-engineering practice."This is achieved through orchestrating extensive cross-boundary collaboration and amalgamating multidisciplinary knowledge.Such a dynamic process has culminated in the groundbreaking innovation of the world's first supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler.The

关 键 词：重大工程 原始创新 基础研究 技术赶超 复杂创新系统 

分 类 号：F204[经济管理—国民经济] F273.1