食盐“引岸”纷争下的清代地方社会——以河南汝宁、光州为中心的考察  

The Local Society of the Qing Dynasty Under the Dispute of Salt “Yin-an”——An Investigation into Runing and Guangzhou of Henan Region as the Center

作　　者：吴志远[1] 宋允 Wu Zhiyuan;Song Yun

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院,郑州450001 [2]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期25-37,235,236,共15页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“清代华北绿营体系与基层社会治理研究”(24BZS062)。

摘　　要：清代延续明代将食盐划分固定购销区的“引岸”制度,全国被划为若干行盐区,各行盐区行销固定盐区的食盐。该制度的设计,有其必然的社会背景,但也不免会带来突出的地方社会问题,体现了国家管控的财政税收法制与市场的常规运行机制发生冲突的现实结果。就清代河南地区来看,因长期的“固守淮引”与“改淮食芦”之争,“引岸”问题及随之而来的“私盐”问题已成为引发汝宁、光州走私案件频发、地方管理失序、行政能力下降的重要原因。而此区域“引岸”管控产生的一系列矛盾,导致州县官民之间互相攻讦、商人欺蒙、官员无为、私枭为匪,给地方治安和社会稳定造成了较为严重的司法隐患。而诸多事件所凸显的“引岸”制度的不合理性,却为大清王朝官员“行政理性”下的虚应故事所掩盖,清王朝对国家财税的控制力与地方治理能力因此大为削弱。The Qing Dynasty continued the “yin-an” system of salt(salt monopoly area) in the Ming Dynasty, which divided the fixed purchase and sale areas. The whole country was divided into several salt areas, and each area sold the salt in the fixed salt monopoly areas. The design of this system had a certain social background, but it also brought about prominent local social problems. This reflected the practical result of the conflict between the national control of fiscal and tax laws and the conventional operation mechanism of the market. From the perspective of Henan region in the Qing Dynasty, due to the long-term dispute between “adhering to the Huai salt” and “no longer eating Huai salt, but eating Lu salt”, the problem of “yin-an” and the subsequent “ private salt” became important reasons for the frequent occurrence of smuggling cases in Runing and Guangzhou, the disorder of local management and the decline of administrative capacity. The series of contradictions arising from the control of the “yin-an” in this area led to mutual attacks between officials and civilians in the state and county, deception by businessmen, inaction by officials, and banditry, posing serious judicial risks to local security and social stability. However, the irrationality of the “yin-an” system highlighted by many events was covered by the false story under the “administrative rationality” of the officials of the Qing Dynasty, and the control of the national finance and taxation and the local governance ability of the Qing Dynasty was greatly weakened.

关 键 词：清代 盐政 引岸 私盐 地方社会 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]