《木兰诗》材料来源与成诗考略  

A Study on the Source of Materials and the Generation of Mulan Poem

作　　者：胡大雷[1,2] Hu Dalei

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学文学院,桂林541004 [2]广西师范大学桂学研究院,桂林541004

出　　处：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期67-72,237,共7页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：与《李波小妹歌》直述时事不同,《木兰诗》以“木兰不知名”而为虚构性作品,所歌咏者皆有来自且具北方民族习俗意味。诗歌情节设置上,“从此替爷征”显示北方少数民族女性的担当精神;“不用尚书郎”是说木兰不做宫中女官;“出门看火伴”,北魏多以“同火”相称女性群体。北方民族崇拜战马,以兔为祥瑞,诗歌意象选用战马与兔,颇具深意。诗歌突出北方民族的女性崇尚、英雄崇拜,以北方男性英雄“木兰”名讳称呼女英雄,一方面称说其勇猛,另一方面更说明其女扮男装性。北魏政权本是以鲜卑族为主体而融合了各个民族,北魏乐府的“北歌”是多民族的乐歌,《木兰诗》即整合北方各民族的乐歌、整合文人与民间诗要素的产物。Different from “The Song of Li Bo's Little Sister” about the current events, “Mulan Poem” was a fictional work based on the fact that Mulan lost her real name, and the elements of the poem all come from and have the meaning of northern ethnic customs. Mulan poem highlighted the female worship and hero worship of the northern ethnic group, and called the heroine by the name of the northern male hero “Mulan”, on the one hand, and it described her bravery, on the other hand. Thus it also showed that she dressed as a boy. The Northern Wei Dynasty regime was based on Xianbei ethnic group and integrated various ethnic groups. The Northern Song of Yuefu in Northern Wei was a multi-ethnic song. “Mulan Poem” was thus the integration of the songs of the ethnic groups in Northern Wei and the elements of literati and folk poetry.

关 键 词：《木兰诗》 情节设置 意象 女性崇尚 英雄崇拜 

分 类 号：I207.2[文学—中国文学]