《文选》上书体文章的编选旨趣与文体定位  

The Editorial Intent and Genre Positioning of the Wenxuan Anthology's“Shangshu”Style

作　　者：马昕[1] Ma Xin

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院文学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期73-86,237,共15页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：上书作为一种特征鲜明、地位独立的上行政治文体,是《文选》的重要组成部分。随着战国以来士人阶层的崛起,在“上言”这一口头形态之外发展出以书面形式直接向君王陈词进谏的政治机制,此即“上书”体之雏形,也是《文选》上书文的生成背景。《文选》上书文的作者多处于卑微而尴尬的政治地位,但仍能坚守士人风骨,从而化解自身危机或对君主决策实施正向引导。他们以王道大义作为劝谏动机,却以利害权衡作为劝说策略,又以文辞技巧配合其利害之论,从而构成《文选》上书文共有的写作风格。通过与表、启、笺、奏记、书等其他文体的比较,可以发现《文选》上书体的文体定位是底层士人直接对君主实行规诫劝谏的政治文体。萧统借由对上书文的编选,意图弘扬战国以来士人参政的古老传统,寄寓其对现实政治生态的理想与期待。但可惜后世对此独到选心未能深察,仍将《文选》上书文与其他各类政治文体相混淆,导致上书体最终丧失了独立的文体地位。The “Shangshu”(a type of political essay) as a distinctive and independent upward-facing literary genre is an important part of the Wenxuan(Anthology of Literary Works). With the rise of the scholar-official class since the Warring State Period, a political mechanism was developed in which scholars could directly submit written proposals to the emperor, thus giving birth to the “Shangshu” style. This was also the background for the “Shangshu” essays in the Wenxuan. The authors of the “Shangshu” essays in the Wenxuan were often in humble and embarrassing political positions, but they still managed to uphold the spirit of scholars, thus resolving their own crises or providing positive guidance for the emperor's decision-making. They used the principles of the “ Wangdao”( King's Way) as their motives for advising the emperor, but used the strategy of weighing the advantages and disadvantages as a means of persuasion. They also used literary techniques to complement their arguments based on advantages and disadvantages, thus forming a common writing style for the “Shangshu” essays in the Wenxuan. By comparing the “Shangshu” essays in the Wenxuan with other genres such as “Biao”, “Qi”, “Qian”, “Zhongshu”, and “Shuji,” it could be found that the “Shangshu” style in the Wenxuan had a specific genre position as a political genre in which lower-class scholars directly advise the emperor. Xiao Tong intended to promote the ancient tradition of scholars participating in politics during the Warring State Period by compiling the “Shangshu” essays in the Wenxuan. However, unfortunately, the unique selection intentions of Xiao Tong were not deeply understood by later generations, and the “Shangshu” essays in the Wenxuan were often confused with other types of political writings, leading to the ultimate loss of the independent genre status of the “Shangshu” essays.

关 键 词：萧统 《文选》 上书体 文体定位 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]