谁称直笔:多维史料下的钦案叙事与真相还原  

Who Tells the Truth:Narration of the Large Cases and Reveal of Truth from Different Historical Resources

作　　者：郑小悠 Zheng Xiaoyou

机构地区：[1]国家图书馆国家古籍保护中心办公室,北京100021

出　　处：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期99-115,238,239,共19页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：嘉庆二十年(1815)夏,山东泰安县发生强盗伙劫富户徐氏、致人伤亡的重大案件。由于地方官审断不公,致使事主两次京控,审期延宕五年。虽经皇帝亲自干预,仍旧波折不断,引发朝野瞩目。案件保留下数量众多的官方档案,与详细生动的私家记述。这些史料文本虽以同一事件为记述对象,但因其生成时间、文章体例、作者身份、信息来源、写作目的不同,呈现出的叙事面貌也大相径庭。将多维史料的排比互证,与时代政风相结合,这桩复杂钦案的事实真相与历史情境即能得到较大程度的还原。推而广之,亦可窥见清中叶钦案审理的底层逻辑,特别是中央刑名档案的可靠性偏差。In the summer of the 20th year of the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty, a significant incident occurred in Tai'an County, Shandong Province. It involved a gang of robbers who targeted the wealthy Xu family, resulting in casualties and injuries. The aggrieved party filed two complaints with the court as a result of the unfair decisions made by local officials, which caused the judicial procedures to be delayed for five years. Despite the emperor's personal intervention, the case continued to face numerous setbacks, attracting widespread attention both within the court and among the general public. This case left behind numerous official records and detailed private accounts. Although these historical texts revolved around the same incident, they differed significantly in terms of their creation time, writing style, the author's identity, information source, and writing purpose. As a result, they presented contrasting narrative perspectives. Through the juxtaposition and cross-referencing of multifaceted historical sources and careful consideration of the prevailing political climate of the time, it became possible to attain a more profound restoration of the factual truth and historical context surrounding this complex, high-profile case. Through extrapolation, it was also possible to gain insights into the underlying logic behind the adjudication of high-profile cases during the mid-Qing Dynasty, particularly regarding the reliability biases of central criminal records.

关 键 词：泰安徐氏案 嘉庆朝 官方档案 私家记述 真相 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学]