妻妾失序:法律近代化中的身份与性别——以四川荣县重婚案裁判为中心的考察  

Disorder Between Wives and Concubines:Identity and Gender in the Modernization of Law——An Examination Centered on the Judgments of Bigamy Cases in Rong County,Sichuan

作　　者：刘楷悦 Liu Kaiyue

机构地区：[1]《四川大学学报》编辑部,成都610065 [2]四川大学近代法文化研究所,成都610065

出　　处：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期116-129,239,共15页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“民国时期女性家庭权利的法律实践研究”(22FXB075)。

摘　　要：在法律近代化背景下,身份与性别的冲突在妾的相关问题上最为显扬。立法者试图通过塑造“大同小异”——即二者法律人格平等,只在家庭场域区分权利义务的差序格局来回应妻、妾权利应有差别、地位无尊卑之分的实际需求,而在纳妾是否为重婚这一最为关键的问题上,立法最终采用了“是否举行仪式”这一标准,以因应性别与身份、文明与惯习的圆融设想。但在基层司法中,这一标准并未被严格适用,裁判者似乎无分妻妾,并不在意法律适用的准确性,这与档案显示的社会民众的妻妾观念也不相符。裁判者自由裁量的原因是司法在应对家庭案件时保持谦抑的传统。纳妾与重婚的界定问题不仅展示了法律近代化过程中身份、性别、家庭等因素如何织缠,也显现了近代以来基层司法观念与方法的连续性。In the context of the modernization of law, the conflict between identity and gender was most conspicuous in matters concerning concubines. Lawmakers endeavored to address the practical demands that while wives and concubines should have different rights, there was no hierarchy in their status by shaping a pattern where they were “largely similar but with slight differences”, that is, they had equal legal personalities, and only the rights and obligations were differentiated within the family realm. Regarding the most critical issue of whether taking a concubine amounted to bigamy, the legislation ultimately adopted the criterion of “whether a ceremony was held” to accommodate the harmonious vision integrating gender, identity, civilization and conventions. Nevertheless, in grassroot judicial practice, this criterion was not strictly enforced. It seemed that the judges made no distinction between wives and concubines and paid little attention to the accuracy of legal application, which was also at odds with the public's perception of wives and concubines as revealed in the archives. The reason for the judges' discretionary power lay in the tradition of judicial restraint when handling family cases. The issue of defining taking a concubine and bigamy not only illustrated how factors like identity, gender and family intertwined during the modernization of law, but also revealed the continuity in the concepts and approaches of grassroots justice since the modern times.

关 键 词：妻妾 重婚罪 家庭案件 基层司法 女性权利 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D929[政治法律—法学]