工业化背景下农业欠发达地区的跨越式发展——基于对农牧交错地带农业转型的考察  

Leapfrog of Underdeveloped Agricultural Regions amid Industrialization——Investigation of Agricultural Transformation in the Farming-Pastoral Ecotone

作　　者：王娟[1] Wang Juan

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系,北京100871

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2025年第3期22-41,204,205,共22页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家,自然地理的多样性决定了农业形态的多样性和区域性。在传统农业中,以400毫米等降水量线和青藏高原东缘为中心的农牧交错地带属“欠发达地区”,由于水、热条件有限和劳动力不足,农作物以旱地杂粮为主,生产方式粗放。从20世纪90年代后期起,该地带逐渐发展起资本、劳动密集的蔬菜产业,并在全国性蔬菜产业布局中占据一席之地。这一变化并非地方性农业的延续性增长,其动力主要来自工业化带来的宏观技术环境升级、大规模人口流动和全国性大市场的发展,体现了工业化为传统农业欠发达地区带来的跨越式发展契机。这一变化也带来了地方性农业生产方式的全面变革,以外地雇工和高度劳动分工为特征的农业生产模式,为“人力农业”的现代化提供了一条可能路径。China's vast geography has shaped a diverse,regionally specific array of agricultural practices.In traditional agriculture,the farming-pastoral ecotone—centered on the 400 mm isohyet and the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau—was long underdeveloped.Limited water and heat resources,combined with a sparse labor force,had historically led to an extensive production system focused on dryland cereals.Since the late 1990s,however,a capital-and labor-intensive vegetable industry has gradually emerged in this region,securing a significant role in China's national agricultural landscape.This shift did not stem from the steady advancement of local agriculture,but was instead driven by industrialization-related factors,including advancements in the macro-technical environment,large-scale labor migration,and the expansion of nationwide markets.This shift demonstrates how industrialization can catalyze leapfrog development in underdeveloped agricultural regions.Beyond its economic impact,this shift has also ushered in a comprehensive transformation of local agricultural practices.A new production model,characterized by migrant labor and a high degree of labor specialization,offers a potential pathway for modernizing traditional "human-powered agriculture."

关 键 词：农业地理 农牧交错地带 农业现代化 工业化 蔬菜产业 

分 类 号：F327[经济管理—产业经济]