行政规章与合同效力的关系  

The Relationship between Department and Local Government Rules and Contract Validity

作　　者：梁上上[1] Liang Shangshang

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2025年第3期79-96,206,共19页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：排除行政规章对合同效力的适用是我国长期坚持的合同效力认定标准。但是,将行政规章的强制性规定也作为认定合同效力的法律依据才是正确的选择,这是民法典与其他法源协同治理复杂社会的必然。我国关于合同效力认定法律依据的规定存在冲突。允许适用作为非正式法源的习惯却排除适用作为正式法源的行政规章,违反了法源体系的位阶原则。允许适用公序良俗一般条款却排除适用行政规章具体条款,违反了“不得向一般条款逃逸”的法律适用基本原则。较为稳妥的方案是,不但将行政规章作为合同效力认定依据,而且将认定合同效力依据的“法律”范围扩大到《立法法》圈定的法律范围。China has long adhered to the principle of excluding departmental rules and local government rules when assessing contract validity.However,explicitly recognizing the mandatory provisions of these rules as part of the legal basis for determining contract validity is a more appropriate approach.Such recognition is an inevitable outcome of the coordinated governance of complex societal relations under the Civil Code and other legal sources.Current Chinese legal provisions on the basis for contract validity reveal inherent contradictions:permitting the application of customs—an informal source of law—while rejecting administrative regulations—a formal source—contravenes the hierarchical principles of the source of law system.Similarly,applying the general provisions of public order and good morals while dismissing specific provisions of administrative regulations violates the fundamental interpretive principle of "forbidding the escape into general clauses." A more prudent reform is to not only expand the applicability of departmental rules and local government rules in contract validity determinations but also extend the legal basis for contract validity to the full scope of "laws" as defined by the Legislation Law.

关 键 词：合同效力 行政规章 善良风俗 法源位阶 法律适用 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]