殖民话语与近代英美在华“管辖权政治”  

Colonial Discourses and Anglo-American "Jurisdictional Politics" in Modern China

作　　者：屈文生 Qu Wensheng

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2025年第3期184-203,208,共21页Social Sciences in China

摘　　要：“法律东方主义话语”是英美等殖民帝国在近代中国为争夺“领事裁判权”和“单边治外法权”而运用的表达系统。英美两大殖民帝国在近代中国争夺并确立域外管辖权,但两国各自在管辖权安排和设置上的冲突,造成多重主体和多种法院行使管辖权的乱局。英美驻华领事官、法官、驻华公使等多重主体围绕管辖权的分配、控制和协调展开权力斗争,最终形成一种以“领事官司法”为基底的在华管辖权框架。两国驻华领事法庭、对华专门法院以及会审公堂等不同类型的法院,共同构成英美在华治外法院体系,三者间形成管辖权竞争关系。英美殖民帝国在近代中国行使域外管辖权和适用本国法的历史,不应被部分海外学者提出的所谓“法律多元主义话语”所遮蔽。The "discourse of legal Orientalism" functioned as a system of representation employed by colonial empires such as Britain and the United States to usurp a consular jurisdiction" and " unilateral extraterritoriality" in modern China.While these two colonial powers sought to establish extraterritorial authority in China,their internal competing jurisdictional arrangements created a fragmented legal landscape where multiple authorities and courts exercised competing powers.Consuls,judges,and ministers to China engaged in protracted power struggles over the allocation,control,and coordination of jurisdiction,ultimately shaping an Anglo-American jurisdictional framework characterized by " trial by consuls." This extraterritorial system comprised three distinct types of courts—consular courts,specialized courts,and mixed courts—all of which competed jurisdictionally.The history of colonial empires exercising extraterritorial jurisdiction in modern China should not be obscured by the so-called "legal pluralism" promoted by some overseas scholars.

关 键 词：领事裁判权 治外法权 法律东方主义 法律多元主义 管辖权政治 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]