耕作模式对苏打盐碱土结构稳定性与玉米产量的影响  

Effects of tillage mode on structural stability and maize yield in soda saline alkali soils

作　　者：鄂继芳 杨树青[1] 张万锋 陈希 谷秋莹 E Jifang;YANG Shuqing;ZHANG Wanfeng;CHEN Xi;GU Qiuying(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Hengyuan Water Conservancy Engineering Co.,Ltd,Hohhot 010010,China;Tourism College of Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古恒源水利工程有限公司,呼和浩特010010 [3]内蒙古师范大学旅游学院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第6期98-106,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52069023);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2023QN05010);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0139)。

摘　　要：为探究不同耕作模式对苏打盐碱土结构稳定性、碱化程度及玉米产量的影响,在西辽河平原开展为期2a不同耕作方式配合秸秆还田的田间试验。设置常规耕作(CK)、深翻耕作(DT)、粉垄耕作(ST)、深翻+秸秆还田耕作(DST)、粉垄+秸秆还田耕作(SST)5种处理,分析不同处理下土壤结构和玉米产量变化。结果表明,相比常规耕作CK处理,其他耕作处理显著提高各土层土壤大团聚体含量(R0.25)75.9%~334.7%,显著降低微团聚体(<0.25 mm)含量6.1%~24.8%(P <0.05),有效改善苏打盐碱地土壤结构稳定性;耕作层(0~20 cm)土壤水稳性团聚体平均质量直径(mean weight diameter,MWD)高于玉米根层(>20~40 cm)和心土层(>40~60 cm),耕作层以DST处理最大,提高了85.1%,玉米根层以SST处理最大,提高了104.7%,心土层以SST处理最大,显著高于其他处理10.4%~48.9%(P <0.05);土壤钠吸附比(sodium adsorption ratio,SAR)随土壤深度增加呈增加趋势,玉米收获后CK处理土壤SAR与背景值无显著差异(P> 0.05),土壤碱化风险大,其他处理SAR降幅为0.4%~10.3%,可缓解土壤钠质化,以DST处理效果较好。4种处理2a玉米平均增产37.8%~65.7%,水分利效率(water use efficiency,WUE)平均提高46.7%~91.7%(P <0.05),以DST处理效果最好。玉米产量与耕作层R0.25、根层MWD呈正显著相关(P <0.05),与10~20 cm土层的SAR呈负显著相关(P <0.05);WUE与耕作层R0.25和MWD呈正显著相关(P <0.05),与根层SAR呈负显著相关(P <0.05)。综上,建议深翻+秸秆还田为苏打盐碱地适宜的耕作模式,可实现改善西辽河平原苏打盐碱地土壤结构稳定性、玉米高产高效的目标。This study aims to investigate the effects of different tillage modes on the structural stability,the degree of alkalization and maize yield.A 2-year field experiment was carried out on the different tillage modes with straw returning in the West Liaohe Plain of Northeast China.Five treatments were set as conventional tillage(CK),deep turning tillage(DT),powder ridge tillage(ST),deep turning-straw returning tillage(DST),and powder ridge-straw returning tillage(SST).The experimental results showed that the latter four tillage treatments significantly increased the soil macro-aggregate content(R0.25)by 75.9%-334.7%,whereas there was a significant decrease in the soil micro-aggregate content(<0.25 mm)by 6.1%-24.8%(P<0.05),compared with the CK treatment.The aggregate composition effectively improved the stability of the soil structure in soda saline soils.As such,the soil was more conducive to root growth and water-air circulation.The average mass diameter(MWD)of soil water-stable aggregates was determined in the tillage layer(0-20 cm)higher than that in the maize root layer(>20-40 cm)and the subsoil layer(>40-60 cm).In the tillage layer,the largest MWD of soil water-stable aggregates with the DST treatment increased by 85.1%,compared with the CK treatment.In the maize root layer,the largest MWD with the SST treatment increased by 104.7%.In the subsoil layer,the largest MWD with the SST treatment was significantly higher than that treated with the rest by 10.4%-48.9%(P<0.05).The soil sodium adsorption ratio(SAR),a crucial indicator of soil alkalization,increased with the increasing soil depth.Following maize harvest,there was no significant difference in the soil SAR of CK treatment from the background value(P>0.05),indicating the high risk of soil alkalization under conventional tillage.By contrast,the SAR of the rest treatments decreased by 0.4%-10.3%,which alleviated the soil sodicity.Among them,the more effective performance was achieved in the SST and DST treatments.It infers that the combination of tillage and

关 键 词：耕作模式 苏打盐碱土 结构稳定性 产量 玉米 

分 类 号：S126[农业科学—农业基础科学]