关中地区亏缺灌溉与二元覆盖促进猕猴桃节水增产提质  

Deficit irrigation and double mulching for water saving,high yield and quality of kiwifruit in Shaanxi Guanzhong areas of China

作　　者：李曼宁 曹红霞[1] 赵俊城 彭美龄 丁邦新 李志军[1] LI Manning;CAO Hongxia;ZHAO Juncheng;PENG Meiling;DING Bangxin;LI Zhijun(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas of Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第6期107-116,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：陕西省科技厅重点研发项目(S2024-YF-YBNY-0387)。

摘　　要：为探究陕西关中平原季节性缺水对猕猴桃生长的限制,确定最佳灌水量和覆盖措施。该研究设置3个灌水梯度:W1(灌水上限为85%θf,θf为田间持水量)、W2(75%W1)和W3(60%W1),4种地面覆盖组合:FG、FN、NG、NN(F:行内地布覆盖、G:行间生草覆盖、N:裸地),共12个处理,通过两年田间试验,分析土壤储水量、猕猴桃生长、产量及品质等指标。结果表明,F覆盖在W1处理下显著提高行内土壤储水量,G覆盖在W2处理下显著提升行间储水量(P<0.05)。FG处理在保持猕猴桃行间储水量不变的同时使行内储水量增加了2.21~42.23 mm。FGW2处理可增加猕猴桃果实膨大期-成熟期叶片光合指标(Pn、Tr和Gs),并使其单果质量增加了30.38%、单株产量提高了76.38%、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量分别增加了15.15%和44.26%(P<0.05)。FGW1处理显著降低有机酸含量19.70%,提高固酸比37.75%(P<0.05)。覆盖与灌水量组合通过提高土壤储水量影响猕猴桃关键生育期叶片光合,进而改善产量与品质,其中果实膨大期储水量与猕猴桃生长、产量和品质关系最密切。在关中地区采用FG覆盖结合W2灌水措施可有效提高猕猴桃园土壤储水量和光合效率,保证产量并提升果实品质,为猕猴桃生产提供可行措施。To investigate the issue of seasonal water scarcity limiting the growth of kiwifruit in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province and to propose optimal irrigation amounts and mulching measures,this study conducted an experiment using kiwifruit as the subject.The experiment included three irrigation gradients:W1(irrigation upper limit of 85%θf,whereθf is the field capacity),W2(75%of W1),and W3(60%of W1),additionally,four ground mulching were implemented:FG,FN,NG,and NN(F:intra-row horticultural fabric mulching,G:inter-row grass mulching,N:clean tillage),resulting in a total of 12 treatments.Through two years of field experiments,the soil water storage,kiwifruit growth,yield and quality were analyzed.The results showed that F mulching significantly increased intra-row soil water storage under the W1 treatment,while G mulching significantly enhanced inter-row soil water storage under the W2 treatment(P<0.05).The FG treatment increased intra-row soil water storage by 2.21–42.23 mm while maintaining inter-row water storage.The FGW2 treatment improved photosynthetic parameters(Pn,Tr,and Gs)during the fruit expansion to maturation stages,increasing single fruit weight by 30.38%,yield per plant by 76.38%,and soluble sugar and soluble solid content by 15.15%and 44.26%,respectively(P<0.05).The FGW1 treatment significantly reduced the organic acid content by 19.70%and increased the sugar-to-acid ratio by 37.75%(P<0.05).The combination of mulching and irrigation influenced leaf photosynthesis during critical growth stages by enhancing soil water storage,thereby improving yield and quality.Among them,the soil water storage during the fruit expansion stage was most closely related to kiwifruit growth,yield,and quality.In the Guanzhong region,adopting FG mulching combined with W2 irrigation can effectively improve soil water storage and photosynthetic efficiency of kiwifruit orchards,ensuring yield and enhancing fruit quality,providing a feasible measures for kiwifruit production.

关 键 词：地面覆盖 灌溉 猕猴桃 土壤储水量 光合作用 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学] S152.7[农业科学—园艺学]