基于振动传递率的地铁车辆振动传递特性研究  

Research on Vibration Transmission Characteristics of Subway Vehicles Based on Vibration Transmissibility

作　　者：巩延庆 张云富 GONG Yanqing;ZHANG Yunfu(CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co.,Ltd.,210031,Nanjing,China)

机构地区：[1]中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司,南京210031

出　　处：《城市轨道交通研究》2025年第4期177-181,190,共6页Urban Mass Transit

摘　　要：[目的]为确保地铁车辆在运营时其振动水平满足设计标准,有必要以振动传递率为关键指标来评估地铁车辆隔振性能,并引入相干函数评价振动传递函数的质量。[方法]在地铁车辆的关键部位布置振动加速度传感器,采集各部件的振动加速度信号。基于此,计算了不同传递路径下的振动传递函数及相干函数,以此来量化振动从激励点到目标点的传递情况,以及两者之间的关联程度。此外,还对一系悬挂、二系悬挂,以及车体底架至车内地板的振动传递路径进行了分析。[结果及结论]轴箱至构架端部的平均隔振率约为60%,而构架中部至车体底架的平均隔振率达到了80%,这说明一系和二系悬挂系统均具有良好的减振效果。对于特定频率范围内的振动(例如10~20 Hz,40~60 Hz),构架端部和车体底架的振动特性分别与轴箱和构架中部之间存在显著的相关性。然而,车体底架至车内地板的振动传递关系并不显著,这是因为地板位置的振动受到多方面因素的影响。[Objective] To ensure that the vibration level of subway vehicles meets design standards during operation,it is necessary to evaluate the vibration isolation performance of subway vehicles using the vibration transmissibility as a key indicator,and introduce a coherence function to assess the quality of the vibration transfer function.[Method] Acceleration sensors are installed at critical locations on the subway vehicle to collect acceleration signals from various components.Based on these data,the vibration transfer functions and coherence functions for different transmission paths are calculated to quantify the vibration transmission from the excitation point to the target point and the correlation between the two.Additionally,the vibration transmission paths of the primary suspension,secondary suspension,and from the car body underframe to the interior floor are analyzed.[Result & Conclusion] The average vibration isolation rate from the axle box to the frame end is approximately 60%,while it reached 80% from the middle frame to the car body underframe,indicating that both the primary and secondary suspension systems exhibit excellent vibration reduction effects.For specific frequency ranges(e.g.10~20 Hz,40~60 Hz),the vibration characteristics of the frame end and car body underframe show significant correlations with the axle box and the middle frame,respectively.However,the vibration transmission relationship from the car body underframe to the interior floor is not significant,as the vibration at the floor location is influenced by multiple factors.

关 键 词：地铁车辆 振动传递率 振动传递函数 相干函数 振动传递路径 

分 类 号：U260.111[机械工程—车辆工程]