基于DEM-MBD耦合的棉花直播机仿形开沟过程机理仿真与优化试验  

Simulation and Optimization Test of Imitation Furrowing Process of Cotton Direct Seeding Machine Based on DEM-MBD Coupling

作　　者：魏松 张驰海 詹振宇 农峰 丁幼春[1,2] WEI Song;ZHANG Chihai;ZHAN Zhenyu;NONG Feng;DING Youchun(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2025年第2期275-289,341,共16页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：湖北洪山实验室重大科研项目(2021hszd006);湖北省棉花科技支撑计划项目(2023)。

摘　　要：针对现有长江流域棉区麦后直播装备仿形效果差、播种深度合格指数低、播种深度一致性不理想等问题,结合长江流域棉区麦后直播棉农艺要求设计了一种独立仿形棉花直播机,在深入分析长江流域棉区麦后直播过程中仿形开沟过程基础上,采用离散元法与多体动力学耦合方法对仿形开沟作业过程进行了仿真,确定了影响种沟深度的关键结构与工作参数。利用EDEM-RecurDyn耦合仿真建立了土壤与仿形开沟装置互作模型,研究了弹簧刚度和机具作业速度对开沟深度合格指数及一致性变异系数的影响规律。以开沟深度合格指数和开沟深度一致性变异系数为评价指标进行单因素二次正交旋转组合试验,确定最优参数组合为弹簧刚度15 N/mm、作业速度0.8 m/s,最优参数组合条件下:开沟深度合格指数为86.7%,开沟深度一致性变异系数为11.6%。最优参数组合下田间试验结果为:开沟深度合格指数84%,开沟深度一致性变异系数12.80%,田间与仿真开沟深度合格指数、开沟深度一致性变异系数相对误差为3.21%、9.38%。优化后参数组合与其他组合田间试验结果为:开沟深度合格指数提高不小于6个百分点,开沟深度一致性变异系数降低不小于1.69个百分点,田间出苗效果满足长江流域棉区麦后直播作业要求。Aiming at the existing direct seeding equipment in the cotton area of the Yangtze River Basin,which has poor imitation effect,low seeding depth qualification index,and unsatisfactory consistency of seeding depth,an independent imitation cotton direct seeding machine was designed.The discrete element method and multi-body dynamics coupling method were used to simulate and analyze the operation process of imitation furrowing,and the key structure and working parameters affecting the depth of seeding furrow were determined.A one-factor quadratic orthogonal rotational combination test was conducted with the qualified index of furrowing depth and the coefficient of variation of furrowing depth consistency as evaluation indexes,and the optimal parameter combinations were determined to be the spring stiffness of 15 N/mm and the operating speed of 0.8 m/s.Under the conditions of optimal parameter combinations,the qualified index of furrowing depth was 86.7%and the coefficient of variation of furrowing depth consistency was 11.6%.The results of field test under the optimal parameter combination showed that the qualified index of furrowing depth was 84%,the coefficient of variation of furrowing depth consistency was 12.80%,and the relative errors of field and simulation of qualified index of furrowing depth and coefficient of variation of furrowing depth consistency were 3.21%and 9.38%.Optimized parameter combinations and other combinations of field test results were as follows:open furrow depth qualified index was increased by not less than 6 percentage points,open furrow depth consistency coefficient of variation was decreased by not less than 1.69 percentage points,and the field emergence effect can meet the requirements of the Yangtze River Basin cotton area live operation.

关 键 词：棉花 播种机 DEM-MBD耦合 仿形机构 播种深度 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]