随机供水微灌管网系统同步优化与最优设计准则研究  

Synchronous Optimization and Optimal Design Criteria of Random Water Supply Micro-irrigation Network System

作　　者：马朋辉 宋常吉[1] 景明[1] 胡亚瑾 梁冰洁 宋静茹[1,3] 方鸣远 张会敏 MA Penghui;SONG Changji;JING Ming;HU Yajin;LIANG Bingjie;SONG Jingru;FANG Mingyuan;ZHANG Huimin(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Engineering Research Center of Rural Water Environment Improvement,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment Protection and Restoration of the Yellow River Basin,Zhengzhou 450003,China;College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003 [2]河南省农村水环境治理工程技术研究中心,郑州450003 [3]河南省黄河流域生态环境保护与修复重点实验室,郑州450003 [4]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2025年第2期444-453,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51809105);河南省软科学研究计划项目(242400410513);水利部重大科技项目(SKR-2022020);黄河水利科学研究院科技发展基金专项(HKF202316);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务项目(HKY-JBYW-2023-26)。

摘　　要：灌区以地表水为水源且充足时,优化微灌管网需确定单个微灌系统的合理控制面积及布置形式并进行优化设计,目前管网优化方法对此情况下随机供水微灌管网系统的优化并不适用。为实现不限定面积情况下随机供水微灌管网系统布置与管径同步优化,并提出其最优设计准则,建立了微灌干管管网优化设计数学模型,并给出了基于混合编码遗传算法的模型求解方法。分析了干管管网单位面积年费用与管网布置的相关性,及毛管管径、灌水器设计流量、灌水器间距、灌水器流态指数等对干管管网及微灌管网系统单位面积年费用的影响。实例计算结果表明,基于毛管双向布置控制面积最大模型结果优化得到的微灌管网系统单位面积年费用最低,基于毛管单向布置单位面积年费用最低模型结果优化得到的微灌管网系统单位面积年费用最高。与毛管单向布置单位面积年费用最低模型相比,基于毛管双向布置控制面积最大模型结果优化得到的微灌管网系统单位面积年费用减小4.46%~15.74%。实际工程中应采用较小的毛管管径、灌水器设计流量、灌水器流态指数和较大的灌水器间距,并基于毛管双向布置控制面积最大模型优化田间管网,以此优化结果为基础进行干管管网优化可有效降低费用。研究可为不限定面积情况下随机供水微灌管网系统优化设计提供依据。When the irrigation area uses surface water as its water source and has sufficient supply,the optimization of the micro-irrigation pipe network requires determining the reasonable control area and layout form of individual micro-irrigation systems and conducting optimized design.The current pipe network optimization method is not applicable to the optimization of random water supply micro-irrigation pipe network systems under this situation.In order to achieve the synchronization optimization of layout and pipe diameter for random water supply micro-irrigation pipe network systems without limiting the area,and propose the optimal design criteria,a mathematical model for optimizing micro-irrigation main pipe network was established,and a model solution method based on a hybrid encoding genetic algorithm was provided.The correlation between the annual cost per unit area of the main pipe network and its layout was analyzed and the influence of lateral diameter,emitter design discharge,emitter spacing,and emitter emission exponent on the unit area annual cost of main pipe network and micro-irrigation pipe network system was analyzed.The results of example calculations showed that the unit area annual cost of the micro-irrigation pipe network system optimized based on the model with maximum control area for lateral double-sided layout was the lowest,while the unit area annual cost of the micro-irrigation pipe network system optimized based on the model with minimum unit area annual cost for lateral one-sided layout was the highest.Compared with the model with the minimum unit area annual cost for lateral one-sided layout,the percentage reduction in unit area annual cost of the micro-irrigation pipe network system optimized based on the model with maximum control area for lateral double-sided layout was 4.46%to 15.74%.In actual engineering projects,using smaller lateral diameters,emitter design discharges,emitter emission exponents,larger spacing between emitters,optimizing subunit based on the model with maximum contr

关 键 词：随机供水 微灌管网系统 同步优化 遗传算法 设计准则 

分 类 号：S274.2[农业科学—农业水土工程]