水土保持耕作对黑土坡耕地玉米田土壤碳平衡的影响  

Effect of Soil and Water Conservation Tillage on Soil Carbon Balance in Black Soil Maize Fields

作　　者：张作合 张忠学 薛里 周利军 李浩宇 吕项龙 ZHANG Zuohe;ZHANG Zhongxue;XUE Li;ZHOU Lijun;LI Haoyu;LU Xianglong(College of Agriculture and Hydraulic Engineering,Suihua University,Suihua 152061,China;School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]绥化学院农业与水利工程学院,绥化152061 [2]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2025年第2期454-462,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：绥化学院科研启动基金项目(SQ242002);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2024E099);黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费一般项目(YWF10236230215)。

摘　　要：黑土坡耕地顺坡耕作土壤侵蚀严重,土壤有机碳含量逐年下降。为探明不同水土保持耕作技术对黑土坡耕地玉米田土壤碳平衡的影响,开展径流小区试验,以常规耕作(CK)作为对照,设置等高耕作(CT)、垄向区田(RT)、深松耕(ST)、等高耕作+垄向区田(CR)、等高耕作+深松耕(CS)、垄向区田+深松耕(RS)等6种坡耕地综合治理技术模式,观测不同水土保持耕作技术下玉米收获后各器官干物质量和碳含量,同步监测玉米田土壤碳储量增量、CO_(2)排放碳量和土壤侵蚀损失碳量,估算玉米净初级生产力(NPP)和玉米田净土壤碳收支值(NSCB)。结果表明:玉米植株总固碳量为10201.93~12357.34 kg/hm^(2),各器官固碳量从大到小依次为籽粒、茎鞘、叶、穗轴、根;CT、RT、CR、CS、RS处理NPP显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),分别增加20.28%、11.55%、21.68%、16.55%、7.95%,而ST处理NPP与CK处理之间无显著差异(P>0.05);垄向区田、深松耕及其组合模式增加玉米田CO_(2)排放总量,等高耕作和等高耕作+垄向区田可以降低CO_(2)排放总量;CT处理NSCB最高,为1402.29 kg/hm^(2),CT、RT、CR、CS处理NSCB显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),而ST处理NSCB显著低于CK处理(P<0.05)。综合来看,等高耕作治理技术模式最佳,碳增“汇”潜力最强,研究结果可为东北黑土区坡耕地保护与治理提供理论参考和技术支撑。The soil erosion is severe in the cultivation of black soil slope farmland along the slope,and the soil organic carbon content is decreasing year by year.Aiming to investigate the effects of different soil and water conservation tillage techniques on soil carbon balance in maize fields on black soil slopes,a runoff plot experiment was conducted.Conventional tillage(CK)was used as a control,and six comprehensive management techniques for slope farmland were set up,including contour tillage(CT),ridge oriented field(RT),deep scarification tillage(ST),contour tillage+ridge oriented field(CR),contour tillage+deep scarification tillage(CS),and ridge oriented field+deep scarification tillage(RS).The dry matter mass and carbon content of various organs of maize harvested under different soil and water conservation tillage techniques were observed,the incremental of soil carbon storage,CO_(2)emission carbon,and soil erosion loss carbon in maize fields were synchronously monitored,the net primary productivity(NPP)and net soil carbon income(NSCB)of maize fields were estimated.The results showed that the total carbon sequestration of maize plants was 10201.93 kg/hm^(2)~12357.34 kg/hm^(2),and the carbon sequestration of each organ in descending order was as follows:grain,stem sheath,leaf,ear axis,and root.The NPP of CT,RT,CR,CS,and RS treatments was significantly higher than that of CK treatment(P<0.05),which was increased by 20.28%,11.55%,21.68%,16.55%,and 7.95%,respectively.However,there was no significant difference between the NPP of ST treatment and CK treatment(P>0.05).Ridge oriented field,deep scarification tillage,and their combination mode would increase the total CO_(2)emissions of maize fields,while contour tillage and contour tillage+ridge oriented field can reduce the total CO_(2)emissions.The CT treatment had the highest NSCB,at 1402.29 kg/hm^(2).The NSCB of CT,RT,CR,and CS treatments were significantly higher than those of CK treatment(P<0.05),while the NSCB of ST treatment were significantly lower than those o

关 键 词：玉米田 碳平衡 水土保持耕作技术 黑土 坡耕地 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S14-3