内外兼修:县域基本公共服务均衡发展之路探析  

Dual focus:An analysis of the road to balanced development of basic public services in counties

作　　者：董艳玲 王谦[2] 王精辉 DONG Yanling;WANG Qian;WANG Jinghui(School of Public Finance&Taxation,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250014,China;School of Economics,Shandong University of Finance and Economics,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东财经大学财政税务学院,山东济南250014 [2]山东财经大学经济学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《中国软科学》2025年第3期115-128,共14页China Soft Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“高质量发展背景下中国实体经济全要素生产率的空间格局及协同提升路径研究”(21BJL122);山东省自然科学基金项目“山东省基本公共服务驱动绿色低碳高质量发展研究:内在机理、效果评估与路径优化”(ZR2024QG259)。

摘　　要：构建均衡可及的基本公共服务体系是推动县乡高质量发展的重要举措。立足县域治理视角,从内部均等和外部均衡双重维度对基本公共服务的均衡发展逻辑进行梳理,采用熵权TOPSIS法对县域基本公共服务供给水平测度评价,使用Dagum基尼系数及其分解对县域基本公共服务均等化测度分解,通过耦合协调度模型探究基本公共服务与经济社会发展的同频共振效果。结果发现:第一,中国县域基本公共服务供给水平呈明显提高态势,南方增速较快,目前已超越北方,区级水平高于县级,非贫困县供给上占据优势,而贫困县的增速更为显著;第二,县域基本公共服务存在均等化趋势,南方的均等化速度和水平均优于北方,南北差距呈缩小态势,区内供给的非均衡程度更高,但城乡差距正在减小,非贫困县的不均衡态势相对更加严峻;第三,基本公共服务与经济增长以及财政能力的均衡发展程度均不断提高,南方的发展态势更为优越,区级水平显著优于县级,非贫困县情况也明显优于贫困县。研究结果对于如何通过内部均等和外部均衡的双重策略在县域层面实现基本公共服务的均衡发展,以及推进共同富裕具有重要的启示作用。Building a balanced and accessible basic public service system is an important measure to promote the high-quality development of counties and townships.Based on the perspective of county governance,this paper logically analyzes the balanced development of basic public services from internal equality and external balance,employs the entropy weight TOPSIS method to measure and evaluate the level of basic public services in counties,uses the Dagum Gini coefficient and its decomposition to measure and analyze the equalization of basic public services in counties,and investigates the synchronization of basic public services with economic and social development using the coupling and coordination degree model.The results of the study are as follows.First,the level of basic public service has shown a marked improvement in China’s counties.The growth rate of basic public services is faster in the south than in the north,with districts outperforming counties.Non-poor counties dominate,yet poor counties are growing at a faster pace.Second,there is a trend towards equalization of basic public services in the counties.The speed and level of equalization in the South are better than in the North.The North-South gap is narrowing.The degree of imbalance in the districts is higher,but the urban-rural gap is gradually narrowing.The imbalance in the non-poor counties is more severe.Third,basic public services have been developing in a more balanced manner in relation to both economic growth and fiscal capacity.The situation is better in the South,which is now better than in the North.Districts do significantly better than counties.Non-poor counties do significantly better than poor counties.The results of this study offer significant insights into achieving balanced development of basic public services at the county level through a dual strategy of internal parity and external equalization.Additionally,they provide guidance for promoting common prosperity.

关 键 词：县域治理 基本公共服务 均衡发展 南北差距 

分 类 号：F812[经济管理—财政学]