湿地土壤粒度组成对细菌群落及其功能的影响  

Effects of Soil Particle Size Composition on Bacterial Community and Function in Wetland

作　　者：刘亚军 郭雨婷 段亦鹏 钟辉 吴永明[1,2] 李荣富 池泽涌 LIU Ya-jun;GUO Yu-ting;DUAN Yi-peng;ZHONG Hui;WU Yong-ming;LI Rong-fu;CHI Ze-yong(Institute of Microbiology,Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330096,China;Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省科学院微生物研究所,江西南昌330096 [2]南昌大学,江西南昌330031 [3]南昌航空大学,江西南昌330063

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2025年第3期573-584,共12页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：江西省自然科学基金项目(20232BAB213072);江西省科技计划项目(20232BCJ22047,20213AAG01012);江西省科学院省级科研项目经费包干制试点示范项目(2023YSBG22012);江西省科学院引进博士项目(2023YYB01)。

摘　　要：湿地特定的水文过程决定了泥沙的分布特征,然而关于土壤粒度组成对湿地生态环境影响的研究相对匮乏。选择鄱阳湖一入湖河口湿地土壤作为研究对象,通过室内土壤重塑控制实验,探讨不同土壤粒度组成下,水体和土壤物化因子、细菌群落以及关键酶活性的变化特征。结果表明:河口上游湿地土壤砂粒(0.02~2 mm)含量高达97.75%,120天后其上层水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和硝态氮(NO_(3)--N)浓度显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05);土壤总有机碳(SOC)、TN、TP、铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)、NO_(3)--N与比表面积显著正相关,pH则相反;湿地土壤碳(β-葡萄糖苷酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶)和磷(酸性磷酸酶)循环相关的酶活性会随着比表面积的增大而逐渐增强,而氮(脲酶、硝酸还原酶)循环相关酶活性与土壤比表面积并未表现出显著的相关性(P>0.05);对于细菌群落而言,Chloroflexi、Firmicutes、Nitrospirota、Desulfobacterota、Sva0485、MBNT15和Latescibacterota的相对丰度与土壤比表面积呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而Proteobacteria、Actinobacteriota、Gemmatimonadota和Planctomycetota则相反;此外,基于PLS-PM分析发现湿地粒度组成不仅可通过改变土壤物化因子直接影响水体物化因子,还可以通过重塑细菌群落结构和功能对水体造成间接影响,因此,未来应将土壤颗粒组成纳入湿地水环境监测内容。The specific hydrological processes in wetlands determine the distribution characteristics of sediment.However,it remains unclear how the sediment particle size impact on the wetland ecological environment.In this study,we examined wetland soil in the estuary of Poyang Lake.We explored soil and water physicochemical characteristics,bacterial communities,and critical enzyme activities under different soil particle size compositions via a soil remodeling control experiment.The results indicated that the content of sand particles(0.02-2 mm)in the upper estuary wetland was 97.75%,leading to higher TN,TP,and NO_(3)^(-)-N concentrations in the overlying water compared to other treatment groups after 120 days.Soil nutrients(SOC,TN,TP,NH_(4)^(+)-N,NO_(3)^(-)-N)showed a significantly positive correlation with specific surface area(SSA),while an inverse correlation was observed between pH and SSA.The enzyme activities related to soil carbon(β-glucosidase,catalase,polyphenol oxidase)and phosphorus(acid phosphatase)cycling increased as the soil SSA increased,while the enzyme activities related to nitrogen cycling(urease,nitrate reductase)did not show a significant correlation with soil SSA(P>0.05).Regarding bacterial communities,the relative abundance of Chloroflexi,Firmicutes,Nitrospirota,Desulfobacterota,Sva0485,MBNT15,and Latescibacterota was significantly positively correlated with soil SSA(P<0.05),while Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Gemmatimonadota and Planctomycetota showed an inverse correlation with SSA.In addition,based on PLS-PM analysis,we found that the particle size composition of wetlands could affect water physical and chemical factors via altering soil physicochemical factors and the water environment via reshaping bacterial community structure and function.Therefore,soil particle composition should be considered in wetland water environment monitoring.

关 键 词：湿地 土壤质地 细菌群落 土壤酶活性 PLS-PM模型 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]