退役三元锂离子电池正极材料中有价金属回收研究进展  

Research progress on valuable metal recovery of cathode materials from retired ternary lithium-ion batteries

作　　者：郑承辉 张豪 宋东祺 董树豪 杨亚凯 郭慧 ZHENG Chenghui;ZHANG Hao;SONG Dongqi;DONG Shuhao;YANG Yakai;GUO Hui(Fujian Evergreen Newenergy Technology Co.,Ltd.,Longyan Fujian 364204,China;School of Chemical Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou Henan 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]福建常青新能源科技有限公司,福建龙岩364204 [2]郑州大学化工学院,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2025年第4期37-50,78,共15页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(52104271);河南省自然科学基金项目(242300421222);冶金减排与资源综合利用教育部重点实验室开放基金项目(JKF24-02)。

摘　　要：三元镍钴锰锂(NCM)电池由于能量密度高、电化学性能好而被广泛应用于新能源汽车和储能行业。NCM电极材料中锂、镍、钴、锰的含量远高于天然矿石,退役三元锂离子电池已成为关键金属(Li、Ni、Co、Mn)的重要二次资源,回收价值巨大。本文综述了从NCM正极材料中回收有价金属的工艺研究现状,详细介绍了造渣还原熔炼、还原焙烧以及盐辅助焙烧等火法冶金工艺,重点关注其对Li的选择性浸出效果,并总结了各种工艺的优缺点;分析了湿法冶金中有机酸浸、无机酸浸和氨浸等浸出工艺的原理和优缺点,介绍了新型有价金属生物浸出策略;指出了有价金属浸出技术面临的挑战并展望了未来的重要发展方向,旨在为退役三元锂离子电池中有价金属的绿色、高效和低成本回收提供借鉴。Ternary nickel cobalt manganese lithium batteries(NCM)are widely used in the new energy vehicle and energy storage industries due to their high energy density and good electrochemical performance.The content of lithium,nickel,cobalt,and manganese in NCM electrode materials is much higher than that in natural ores.Retired ternary lithium-ion batteries have become important secondary resources for key metals(Li,Ni,Co,Mn)with enormous recycling value.This article reviews the current research status of the process for recovering valuable metals from NCM cathode materials,and provides a detailed introduction to pyrometallurgical processes such as slag reduction melting,reduction roasting,and salt assisted roasting.The focus is on their selective leaching effect on Li,and the advantages and disadvantages of various processes are summarized;This article analyzes the principles and advantages and disadvantages of leaching processes such as organic acid leaching,inorganic acid leaching,and ammonia leaching in wet metallurgy,and introduces a new valuable metal bio leaching strategy;This article points out the challenges faced by valuable metal leaching technology and looks forward to important future development directions,aiming to provide reference for the green,efficient,and low-cost recovery of valuable metals in retired ternary lithium-ion batteries.

关 键 词：退役三元锂离子电池 正极材料 火法冶金 湿法冶金 生物浸出 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]