三江源不同草地类型植被及土壤微生物多样性与土壤因子特征的研究  

Vegetation and soil microbial diversity and their relationships with soil factors in different grassland types of the three river headwaters region

作　　者：王守兴 周华坤[3] 欧立鹏 李成先 王雁鹤 宁晓春 谷强 魏代军 杨明新 WANG Shou-xing;ZHOU Hua-kun;OU Li-peng;LI Cheng-xian;WANG Yan-he;NING Xiao-chun;GU Qiang;WEI Dai-jun;YANG Ming-xin(Xining Center of Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey,China Geological Survey,Xining 810000,China;Field Scientific Observatory of Water Resources and Ecosystem Processes of the Yellow River Source,Maduo 813500,China;Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions Laboratory in Qinghai,Northwest of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;Key Laboratory of Coupling Processes and Effects of Natural Resource Elements,Beijing 100055,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西宁自然资源综合调查中心,青海西宁810000 [2]黄河源水资源与生态系统过程野外科学观测研究站,青海玛多813500 [3]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [4]自然资源要素耦合过程与效应重点实验室,北京100055

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第4期16-26,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目(DD20220959,DD20230094);中国地质调查局自然资源综合调查指挥中心科技创新基金(KC20220018)资助。

摘　　要：草地生物多样性是保持草地生态系统功能和稳定性的基础,了解不同草地类型植被和土壤微生物多样性及其影响因素,有助于制定科学的保护和修复策略。以三江源不同草地类型为研究对象,通过野外植被群落调查和扩增子测序相结合,探讨了不同草地类型的植被和土壤微生物多样性特征,并分析了其与土壤环境因子的关系。结果表明,三江源地区的高寒草甸、高寒草原和温性草原在植被群落特征、土壤微生物多样性特征以及土壤理化性质方面存在显著差异。高寒草甸具有较高的植被覆盖度和生物量(P<0.05),而温性草原则具有最大的植被高度(P<0.05)。在土壤真菌方面,高寒草甸Faith’s-pd指数显著大于温性草原和高寒草原(P<0.05),而Simpson和Shannon-Wiener指数显著小于温性草原和高寒草原(P<0.05);在土壤细菌方面,高寒草原的Chao1指数和Faith’s-pd指数显著小于温性草原和高寒草甸(P<0.05),而Simpson和Shannon-Wiener指数差异不显著(P>0.05)。土壤环境因子对不同草地类型的植被和土壤微生物群落具有显著影响,其中土壤pH、有机碳(SOC)含量和全氮(N)含量是主要影响因子。研究结果为三江源地区不同草地类型的生物多样性保护和生态修复提供了理论依据。Grassland biodiversity is the basis for maintaining the function and stability of grassland ecosystems.Understanding the diversity of vegetation and soil microorganisms in different grassland types and their influencing factors can help to formulate scientific conservation and restoration strategies.In this study,we investigated the characteristics of vegetation and soil microbial diversity of different grassland types and analyzed their relationships with soil environmental factors by combining field vegetation community surveys and amplicon sequencing,for different grassland types in the Three-River Headwaters Region.It was found that alpine meadows,alpine steppe and temperate steppe in the Three-River Headwaters Region had significant differences in vegetation community characteristics,soil microbial diversity characteristics and soil physicochemical properties.Alpine meadows had higher vegetation cover and biomass(P<0.05),while temperate steppe had the greatest vegetation height(P<0.05).For soil fungi,the Faith’s-pd index was significantly greater in alpine meadows than in temperate steppe and alpine steppe(P<0.05),whereas the Simpson and Shannon-Wiener indices were significantly lower than in temperate steppe and alpine steppe(P<0.05);and for soil bacteria,the Chao1 and Faith’s-pd indices were significantly lower in alpine steppe than in temperate steppe and alpine meadows(P<0.05),while the differences between Simpson and Shannon-Wiener indices were not significant(P>0.05).Soil environmental factors had significant effects on vegetation and soil microbial communities in the different grassland types,among which pH,soil organic carbon content and soil total nitrogen content were one of the main factors of influence.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration of different types of grasslands in the Three-River Headwaters Region.

关 键 词：三江源 植被特征 土壤微生物 物种多样性 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]