氮肥周年优化对灌区饲用小黑麦-青贮玉米复种系统生产力的影响  

Optimization of annual nitrogen fertilizer application to increase the productivity of a forage triticale-silage maize multiple cropping system in an irrigated area

作　　者：张晓娟[1,2] 魏娇娇 陈彩锦 李雪雪 马宏秀 李凯 陈永伟 孙权[3] ZHANG Xiao-juan;WEI Jiao-jiao;CHEN Cai-jin;LI Xue-xue;MA Hong-xiu;LI Kai;CHEN Yong-wei;SUN Quan(College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Guyuan Branch,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Guyuan 756000,China;College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Agricultural Reclamation Agriculture,Forestry and Animal Husbandry Technology Popularizing Service Center,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院固原分院,宁夏固原756000 [3]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏农垦农林牧技术推广服务中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第4期38-52,共15页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金资助项目(2023AAC03441);宁夏大学校地合作科技示范项目《麦属饲草-青贮玉米一年两熟水肥一体化高产高效栽培技术研究与示范》(NXXDHZ202316)资助。

摘　　要：为了缓解宁夏季节性青饲料短缺和氮肥施用过量等草畜发展不平衡现状。开展秋播饲用小黑麦-青贮玉米复种模式及其周年氮肥合理施用研究,采用单因素随机区组设计,以秋播饲用小黑麦-青贮玉米复种系统为研究对象,设置5个周年优化施氮量,均为纯氮水平(单位为kg‧hm^(-2)),分别为N_(1)(0 kg‧hm^(-2),CK)、N_(2)(150 kg‧hm^(-2))、N_(3)(300 kg‧hm^(-2))、N_(4)(450 kg‧hm^(-2))、N_(5)(600 kg‧hm^(-2)),系统研究氮肥周年优化对复种系统生产性能、营养品质及氮素利用率的影响。结果表明:氮肥周年优化施氮量对复种系统两种饲草株高、茎粗、SPAD值、干物质积累、产量和品质均有显著性影响。其中,两种饲草生长指标和干物质积累随着生育期的延长逐渐增大,小黑麦在开花期,青贮玉米在灌浆期各生长指标和干物质积累达到峰值,而随着施氮量的增加生长指标和干物质积累呈先升高后降低的趋势,但在N_(4)水平时呈下降趋势,整体表现为N_(4)>N_(5)>N_(3)>N_(2)>N_(1);复种系统鲜草产量随着周年施氮量的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势,N_(5)水平时产量最大,为156.8 t‧hm^(-2),比对照增产61.3%,干草产量随周年施氮量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,N_(4)水平时产量最大,为39.1 t‧hm^(-2),比对照增产45.9%,农学利用效率最高为30.2%;复种系统鲜草产量与青贮玉米鲜草产量显著正相关,干草产量与小黑麦干草产量极显著正相关,复种系统氮素利用率与青贮玉米中性洗涤纤维(NDF)极显著正相关,与酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)显著正相关。优化施氮量对饲草营养品质有显著影响,N_(4)水平下各营养指标表现最好,显著提高了饲用小黑麦、青贮玉米和复种系统粗蛋白(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)含量,其中,小黑麦、青贮玉米和复种系统CP含量比对照分别提高了33.7%、11.2%和31.8%,显著降低了ADF和NDF含量;经肥料效应方程模拟得出,宁夏引黄灌区饲用小At present,there is a shortage of seasonal green feed in Ningxia,despite the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer.This situation is indicative of an imbalance between grassland and livestock development in this region.To address this issue,we explored the suitability of a multiple cropping model of forage triticale-silage maize for autumn sowing with different levels of nitrogen fertilizer applied annually.The experiment had a single factor randomized block design.Triticale and silage maize were sown in autumn and subjected to five different fertilization treatments,namely N_(1)(0 kg‧ha^(-1),CK),N_(2)(150 kg‧ha^(-1)),N_(3)(300 kg‧ha^(-1)),N_(4)(450 kg‧ha^(-1)),and N_(5)(600 kg‧ha^(-1)).The effects of these fertilization treatments on the performance,nutrient quality,and nitrogen-use efficiency of the multiple cropping system were determined.The results showed that the annual nitrogen application rate had significant effects on the plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll content(measured as SPAD value),dry matter accumulation,yield,and quality of triticale and maize in the multiple cropping system.The growth indexes and dry matter accumulation of both triticale and maize gradually increased during the growth period,reaching peak values in triticale at the flowering stage,and in maize at the filling stage.As the nitrogen application rate increased,the growth indexes and dry matter accumulation showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.The highest values of growth indexes and dry matter were in the N_(4) treatment.In terms of overall performance,the treatments were ranked as follows:N_(4)>N_(5)>N_(3)>N_(2)>N_(1).The yield of fresh grass in the multiple cropping system increased gradually as the annual nitrogen application rate increased.The maximum yield in the N_(5) treatment was 156.8 t‧ha^(-1),which was 61.3%higher than that in the control.The hay yield in the N_(4) treatment was 39.1 t‧ha^(-1),which was 45.9%higher than that in the control.The recovery of applied N in forage was

关 键 词：氮肥周年优化 灌区 饲草 复种系统 生产力 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]