净化沼液滴灌对砂壤土质量、青贮玉米生产力的影响及安全消纳容量分析  

Effect of purified biogas slurry drip irrigation on sandy loam soil quality,silage maize productivity and analysis of safe application rate

作　　者：蒋鹏[1] 李磊 解昊郡 徐得甲 王锐[3] 虎强 孙权[3] JIANG Peng;LI Lei;XIE Hao-jun;XU De-jia;WANG Rui;HU Qiang;SUN Quan(School of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Technical College of Wine and Desertification Prevention,Yinchuan 750199,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002 [3]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏防沙治沙与葡萄酒职业技术学院,宁夏银川750199

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第4期64-81,共18页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：奶牛粪污生物强化处理与分类再利用创新模式研究与示范(2022BEG02004)资助。

摘　　要：针对宁夏草畜产业“种养结合”不紧密,种植端土壤质量下降、作物生产力不高,而养殖端大量粪污直接施用存在环境和健康风险等问题,采用多级过滤工艺获得净化沼液,设置不同滴灌量(0、225、450、675、900、1125、1350 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),以液肥形式滴灌于指示作物青贮玉米,系统研究其对土壤质量、青贮玉米生产力的影响及开展安全消纳容量分析。结果表明,土壤pH、全盐、速效氮、有效磷、速效钾及重金属铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)含量随着净化沼液滴灌量增加呈显著增加趋势,而土壤有机质含量随着净化沼液滴灌量增加表现为先增加后降低趋势,其中,还田量为900 m^(3)·hm^(-2)时土壤有机质含量最高,同时,该处理显著提高了土壤水稳性大团聚体(>0.25 mm)含量、平均质量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量及酶活性,且提高了土壤质量指数(SQI)。青贮玉米产量、干物质及淀粉含量随着净化沼液施用量增加均呈先增加后降低趋势,线性回归方程模拟得出净化沼液还田量为805.56~925.00 m^(3)·hm^(-2)可更好地促进青贮玉米产量与品质提升。此外,青贮玉米中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr含量随着净化沼液施用量增加呈增加趋势,但远远低于饲料卫生限量值。净化沼液滴灌量900 m^(3)·hm^(-2)下SQI及青贮玉米生产力最高,以此滴灌量为计算依据,按照重金属Cd元素“木桶效应”则可计算出土壤环境消纳容量为连续滴灌25年可维持土壤重金属含量不超标,而按照全国第二次土壤普查宁夏土壤盐渍化划分标准可计算出连续滴灌19年可能不会发生土壤次生盐渍化。Ningxia’s forage and livestock industries currently face multiple issues;forage plant breeding and production is below requirement,the soil quality in the forage production areas is declining,the yields are modest,and the application of a large amounts of manure as fertilizer has both environmental and health risks.In this study,a multi-stage filtration process was used to obtain purified biogas slurry,and an experiment was set up to apply the slurry at different rates(0,225,450,675,900,1125,1350 m^(3)·ha^(-1))by drip irrigation.The purified slurry liquid fertilizer was applied to a silage maize crop,and its effects on soil quality and silage maize yield were systematically studied to determine the safe application rate.The results showed that soil pH,the contents of total salt,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and heavy metals including copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd)and chromium(Cr)increased significantly with increased biogas slurry application rate,while the content of soil organic matter initially increased and then decreased with increased application rate.Soil organic matter level was highest under the 900 m^(3)·ha^(-1) treatment.This treatment also significantly increased the content of soil water-stable macroaggregates(>0.25 mm),mean weight diameter,geometric mean diameter,microbial biomass carbon content,enzyme activity and quality index.The yield,dry matter content and starch content of silage maize increased initially and then decreased with successive increases in the application rate of purified biogas slurry.A linear regression equation showed that a purified slurry application rate of 806-925 m^(3)·ha^(-1) best promoted the yield and quality of silage maize.In addition,the contents of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd and Cr in silage maize showed an increasing trend with increase in the application rate of purified biogas slurry.However,heavy metal levels observed were far lower than the permissible limits in animal feed.Based on this study,it was concluded that the soil quality

关 键 词：净化沼液 青贮玉米 产量 土壤质量指数 重金属 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]