施肥和补播对山地草甸牧草营养及瘤胃发酵的影响  

Effects of different fertilization and reseeding rates on the nutrient content of forage in a mountain meadow and its rumen fermentation parameters

作　　者：郭楠 杜鹉辰 纪守坤 刘建 崔素倩 袁辉 韩旭 刘计双 高立杰[1] GUO Nan;DU Wu-chen;JI Shou-kun;LIU Jian;CUI Su-qian;YUAN Hui;HAN Xu;LIU Ji-shuang;GAO Li-jie(College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China;College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;Cangzhou Bohai New Area Huanghua City Agriculture and Rural Development Bureau,Huanghua 061100,China;Fengning Manzu Autonomous Country Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Stone Pasture,Fengning 068350,China;Chengde Yuer Mountain Farming and Agricultural Development Co.Ltd,Fengning 068350,China;Chengde City Animal Husbandry Workstation,Chengde 067000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北保定071000 [2]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [3]沧州渤海新区黄骅市农业农村发展局,河北黄骅061100 [4]丰宁满族自治县农业农村局孤石牧场,河北丰宁068350 [5]承德鱼儿山承垦农业发展有限公司,河北丰宁068350 [6]承德市畜牧工作站,河北承德067000

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第4期150-163,共14页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：河北省科学技术厅重点研发计划项目-坝上草畜耦合修复退化草地生态技术模式研究(22327508D);河北省草业产业技术体系饲草资源开发创新团队项目(HBCT2023160202)资助。

摘　　要：为了探究施肥和补播量对退化山地草甸牧草的营养物质含量及瘤胃发酵参数的影响,筛选最适宜的老芒麦、扁穗冰草、垂穗披碱草和紫花苜蓿混播组合,设置4个施肥量(0、3.6、7.2和10.8 t·hm^(-2))和4个播种量(0、3.4、4.6和5.7 kg·hm^(-2)),对4种混播草地:老芒麦+垂穗披碱草+紫花苜蓿(EEM)、老芒麦+扁穗冰草+紫花苜蓿(EAM)、扁穗冰草+垂穗披碱草+紫花苜蓿(AEM)和老芒麦+扁穗冰草+垂穗披碱草+紫花苜蓿(EAEM)的干物质产量、营养物质含量进行测定,并通过体外发酵研究施肥和补播量对混播牧草组合瘤胃发酵参数的影响。结果表明:与未施肥相比,施肥显著提高了各混播处理的干物质产量(DMY)和相对饲喂价值(RFV)(P<0.05),显著降低了各混播处理的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量(P<0.05);在4.6 kg·hm^(-2)的补播量处理下,补播显著提高了EEM混播处理的DMY和RFV(P<0.05),显著降低了EEM混播处理的NDF和ADF含量;EEM、EAM、AEM在4.6 kg·hm^(-2)处理下,瘤胃液中氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)和丙酸含量显著高于其他补播处理(P<0.05)。主成分分析结果显示,施肥和播种量分别为10.8 t·hm^(-2)、5.7 kg·hm^(-2)的EEM混播组合综合得分最高。响应面分析结果表明,AEM混播组合的预测产量最高,EEM次之,EEM混播组合的预测综合得分最高。基于产量和综合评价,在施肥和补播量分别为10.8 t·hm^(-2)和5.7 kg·hm^(-2)的老芒麦+垂穗披碱草+紫花苜蓿组合效果最好。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fertilization and seeding rates on the nutrient content and rumen fermentation parameters of mixed vegetation in a degraded mountain meadow.Combinations of Elymus sibiricus,Agropyron cristatum,Elymus nutans,and Medicago sativa were sown at four seeding rates(0,3.4,4.6,and 5.7 kg·ha^(-1))and grown with four different fertilization treatments(0,3.6,7.2,and 10.8 t·ha^(-1)).The dry matter yields and nutrient contents of four different grassland seed mixtures(EEM:E.sibiricus+E.nutans+M.sativa;EAM:E.sibiricus+A.cristatum+M.sativa;AEM:A.cristatum+E.nutans+M.sativa;EAEM:E.sibiricus+A.cristatum+E.nutans+M.sativa)were measured and their rumen fermentation parameters were studied by in vitro fermentation.The main results were as follows:Compared with no fertilization,fertilization had significant effects on dry matter yield(DMY),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF)content,and the relative feed value(RFV)of each mixed sowing treatment(P<0.05).Under the 4.6 kg·ha^(-1) seeding rate,the DMY,NDF,and ADF contents and RFV value of EEM were significantly different from their corresponding values in the other seeding rate treatments(P<0.05).The contents of ammonia nitrogen and propionate in rumen fluid of EEM,EAM,and AEM sown with a seeding rate of 4.6 kg·ha^(-1) were significantly different from their corresponding values in the other seeding rate treatments(P<0.05).In a principal component analysis,EEM with a fertilization rate of 10.8 t·ha^(-1) and a seeding rate of 5.7 kg·ha^(-1) had the highest comprehensive score.A response surface analysis showed that AEM had the highest predicted yield,followed by EEM,and EEM had the highest comprehensive score.Based on yield and the comprehensive score,E.sibiricus+E.nutans+M.sativa with a fertilization rate of 10.8 t·ha^(-1) and a seeding rate of 5.7 kg·ha^(-1) was identified in this study as the best option for replanting degraded mountain meadows.

关 键 词：施肥量 补播量 牧草品质 瘤胃发酵参数 主成分分析(PCA) 响应面分析(RSM) 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]