基于Meta评估生防菌剂对饲草作物真菌病害防效及其影响因素  

Effect of biocontrol agents to control forage crop fungal diseases and factors influencing their effectiveness:A Meta-analysis

作　　者：姚博 朱瑞芬 徐远东[1,2] 孙万斌 刘畅 陈积山 YAO Bo;ZHU Rui-fen;XU Yuan-dong;SUN Wan-bin;LIU Chang;CHEN Ji-shan(Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Chongqing 402460,China;Pratacultural Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chongqing,Chongqing 402460,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市畜牧科学院,重庆402460 [2]重庆市草业工程技术研究中心,重庆402460

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第4期189-200,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1300805);重庆市现代农业产业体系(草食牲畜:CQMAITS202313);重庆市畜牧科学院畜牧科技创新团队培育项目(2452624);重庆市畜牧科学院市级财政资金项目(24503C)资助。

摘　　要：真菌病害是制约饲草作物优质高产的主要因素,生防菌剂因其环保、无害的特点成为病害绿色防控的首选,其对饲草作物真菌病害的总体防效及其影响因素亟待明确。本研究搜集截至2024年3月已发表的文献共24篇(79组病害防控数据),采用Meta分析方法系统评估了芽孢杆菌、木霉、丛枝菌根真菌等常见生防菌剂对苜蓿、燕麦、青贮玉米、黑麦草、三叶草、箭筈豌豆和鸭茅等主栽饲草广泛发生的根腐病、锈病、白粉病、叶斑病和炭疽病的防控效果,同时探讨了影响其防效的多种因素并量化了其防效。结果表明,生防菌剂对饲草作物真菌病害具有显著防控效果,其总体平均防效达49.85%。异质性检验表明病原种类、菌剂浓度、施用次数、作物种类、病害类型和菌剂类型6种因素显著影响防效,而试验类型、施用模式和生防菌种的影响不显著。综合而言,1)生防菌剂对主要饲草作物苜蓿和燕麦的根腐病、白粉病的防效均高于总体平均防效;2)生防菌应针对病原菌筛选特异高效的菌种;3)兼顾经济和防效时生防菌剂浓度宜采用108 CFU·mL^(-1),施用次数为2次。本研究结果为后续研究以及实际生产中应用生防菌剂防控饲草作物真菌病害提供了切实的依据。Fungal diseases significantly constrain the productivity and quality of forage crops.Biocontrol agents,recognized for their ecological compatibility and safety,have emerged as the favored method for plant disease management.Further research is needed to elucidate the overall efficacy of these agents in controlling fungal diseases in forage crops,as well as the factors influencing their effectiveness.Based on 24 papers published by March 2024 on the use of biocontrol agents(Bacillus,Trichoderma,and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.etc)to control root rot,rust,powdery mildew,leaf spot,and anthracnose disease of major forage crops such as alfalfa(Medicago sativa),oat(Avena sativa),silage maize(Zea mays),ryegrass(Lolium perenne),alsike clover(Trifolium hybridum),common vetch(Vicia sativa),and orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata),we conducted a Meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of biocontrol agents to control diseases of forage crops,and to analyze the impacts of a variety of factors on the effectiveness of control.The results show that biocontrol agents are remarkably effective in controlling fungal diseases of forage crops,with a total biological control effect of 49.85%.Heterogeneity testing revealed that the pathogen species,the type,concentration,and application frequency of the biocontrol agent,the forage crop species,and the disease type were the factors significantly impacting the effectiveness of control.However,the type of experiment,application mode,and biocontrol species had no significant impact on the effectiveness of control.Overall,the analysis showed that:1)Compared with the overall average control effect,the biocontrol agents had stronger control effects on root rot and powdery mildew in major forage crops such as alfalfa and oat.2)Biocontrol species should be screened to identify specific and highly effective strains targeting pathogens.3)Considering both the economic cost and control effect,the concentration of biocontrol agents should be 108 CFU·mL^(-1) and the number of applications should be two.The

关 键 词：生防菌剂 饲草作物 病害 防效 Meta分析 

分 类 号：S435.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]