纳米铁与铜对苜蓿壳二孢及其引致春季黑茎病的抑制与防治作用  

Inhibition and control effect of nano-iron and copper on Ascochyta medicaginicola and spring black stem disease

作　　者：董拓轩 陈训锋 梅大海 郭永莎 魏旭红 宋秋艳[1,2] DONG Tuo-xuan;CHEN Xun-feng;MEI Da-hai;GUO Yong-sha;WEI Xu-hong;SONG Qiu-yan(University,Lanzhou 730020,China;State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020 [2]草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业学报》2025年第4期201-211,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：“十四五”重点研发计划(2023YFD1301202,2022YFD1300802);甘肃省自然科学基金(23JRRA1076);国家自然科学基金(31901388);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费(lzujbky-2024-ou15)专项资金资助。

摘　　要：紫花苜蓿是我国乃至世界上栽培面积最大的豆科牧草,由苜蓿壳二孢引致的春季黑茎病,是我国紫花苜蓿五大病害之一。纳米铜(Cu NPs)、纳米氢氧化铜[Cu(OH)_(2) NPs]、纳米铁(Fe NPs)和具有核壳结构的纳米铁(Core-shell Fe NPs)对苜蓿壳二孢显示不同程度的抑菌作用,其中Cu NPs的抑制效果显著(400 mg·L^(-1)抑制率达到74.1%);Cu NPs对苜蓿春季黑茎病具有显著的防效(先接种Cu NPs和先接种孢子悬浮液再接种Cu NPs这两种处理方式的相对病斑面积分别为5.95%和8.75%);提前施加Cu NPs悬浮液紫花苜蓿叶片的相对电导率为18.11%,而接种苜蓿壳二孢处理之后叶片的相对电导率达到82.27%;Cu NPs处理的紫花苜蓿相较只接菌处理其超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性显著下降,使多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性提高42.6%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在先接种Cu NPs处理中下降45.8%;超微结构观察到Cu NPs处理的叶片中苜蓿壳二孢孢子细胞膜被刺穿破损,叶片叶绿体类囊体层次分明,细胞膜完整。本研究为Cu NPs防治苜蓿春季黑茎病提供理论依据。Alfalfa(Medicago sativa),the most extensively cultivated leguminous forage in China and globally,is susceptible to spring black stem disease caused by Ascochyta medicaginicola,one of the five most devastating diseases of alfalfa in China.Among various nanoparticles tested for their antifungal properties against A.medicaginicola,copper nanoparticles(Cu NPs)demonstrated the most pronounced inhibitory effect,with an inhibition rate of 74.1%at a concentration of 400 mg·L^(-1).The application of Cu NPs also significantly mitigated the impact of spring black stem disease on alfalfa,reducing the relative lesion area to 5.95%when applied prior to inoculation with a spore suspension,and to 8.75%when applied after inoculation with a spore suspension.When alfalfa leaves were pre-treated with a Cu NPs suspension,the relative conductivity was only 18.11%,contrasting sharply with the 82.27%relative conductivity of alfalfa leaves inoculated with a spore suspension only.The enzymatic responses in Cu NPs-treated alfalfa were notable,with a significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase compared with the spore-inoculated control group.Conversely,the activity of polyphenol oxidase was increased by 42.6%,while catalase activity decreased by 45.0%in the first Cu NPs inoculation treatment.Ultrastructural analyses revealed that Cu NPs punctured and caused visible damage to the cell membrane of A.medicaginicola within alfalfa leaves.In contrast,the chloroplast thylakoids in the treated leaves remained clearly layered,indicating that alfalfa cell membrane integrity remained intact.These findings offer valuable insights into the potential use of Cu NPs as a control measure for alfalfa spring black stem disease.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 纳米铜 苜蓿壳二孢 抑制 防治 

分 类 号：S435.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]