免疫层析技术在布鲁氏菌病检测中的研究现状  

Advances of Immunochromatographic Assay in Brucellosis Detection

作　　者：陈明泽 焉鑫 孙明军[1] 邵卫星[1] 田莉莉[1] 张皓博 樊晓旭[1,3] 杜秋明 梁晚枫 孙淑芳[1] 南文龙[1,5] Chen Mingze;Yan Xin;Sun Mingjun;Shao Weixing;Tian Lili;Zhang Haobo;Fan Xiaoxu;Du Qiuming;Liang Wanfeng;Sun Shufang;Nan Wenlong(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;College of Agriculture,Yanbian University,Yanji 133000,Jilin,China;Key Laboratory of Major Diseases Prevention and Control of Ruminants(Easter China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Yanji 133000,Jilin,China;Qingdao Modem Biotechnology and Animal Disease Research Key Laboratory,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032 [2]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133000 [3]农业农村部反刍动物重大疫病防控重点实验室(东部),山东青岛266032 [4]延边朝鲜族自治州动物疫病预防控制中心,吉林延吉133000 [5]青岛市现代生物工程及动物疫病研究重点实验室,山东青岛266032

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2025年第3期59-64,共6页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1800402);青岛市科技惠民示范专项(24-1-8-xdny-4-nsh);国家现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-36)。

摘　　要：布鲁氏菌病(以下简称“布病”)是由布鲁氏菌引起的人兽共患病,对人类健康和畜牧业造成重大影响,快速准确诊断是防控该病的关键。免疫层析技术(immunochromatographic assay,ICA)是一种将抗原抗体特异性反应以及色谱原理相结合的快速检测技术,具有操作简便、检测快速、结果直观等优点,适用于布病的临场检测。研发ICA技术时,常选用脂多糖(LPS)、全菌蛋白、外膜蛋白这3类布鲁氏菌抗原。LPS是布鲁氏菌抗体检测技术开发时最常用的抗原,全菌蛋白能够提高检测灵敏度,而外膜蛋白特异性好,可与其他细菌进行有效区分。ICA检测结果易受制备工艺、储存条件、使用方法等条件影响与限制,目前多用于布病初筛,病例确诊时可联合使用ELISA、荧光偏振试验(FPA)等方法。本文从抗体和病原检测两方面综述了该技术在布病检测中的应用,分析了技术特点以及抗原抗体的选择,展望了其与新技术、新型仪器融合发展的趋势,以期为我国布病防控提供技术支持,同时为其他动物疫病的快速检测技术研发提供参考。Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella,posing a serious threat to human health and livestock industry,which should be prevented and controlled through rapid and accurate diagnosis as a priority.Immunochromatographic assay(ICA),as a rapid detection technique combining specific antigen-antibody reaction with chromatographic principles,is accessible and rapid with visualized results,and suitable for on-site detection of brucellosis.It is usually developed based on 3 kinds of Brucella antigens including lipopolysacchanide(LPS),whole bacterial protein and outer membrane protein.The LPS is the antigen most commonly used for the development of technology for detection of Brucella antibodies,the whole bacterial protein can improve the sensitivity of detection,and the outer membrane protein has good specificity and can be effectively differentiated from that of other bacteria.The ICA is currently used for initial screening of brucellosis,and could be combined with ELISA and fluorescence polarization assay(FPA)to confim any cases,as its results are easily affected and limited by preparation process,storage conditions,usages and other conditions.In the study,its application in brucellosis detection was reviewed from the aspects of antibody and pathogen detection,its characteristics and selection of antigen and antibody were analyzed,the trend of its integration and development with new technologies and instruments was expected,with a view to providing a technical support for the prevention and control of brucellosis in China,and a reference for researches on rapid detection technology for other animal diseases.

关 键 词：布鲁氏菌 免疫层析 检测技术 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]