小鼠模型在布鲁氏菌感染研究中的应用  

Application of Mouse Model in the Study of Brucella Infection

作　　者：焉鑫 李继文 孙明军[1] 孙翔翔[1,2,4] 刘蒙达 张皓博 李嘉琪 靳继惠 黄孟锟 邵卫星 南文龙[1,4] 樊晓旭[1,5] 孙淑芳 Yan Xin;Li Jiwen;Sun Mingjun;Sun Xiangxiang;Liu Mengda;Zhang Haobo;Li Jiaqi;Jin Jihui;Huang Mengkun;Shao Weixing;Nan Wenlong;Fan Xiaoxu;Sun Shufang(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control(South China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;College of Veterinary Medicine,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang,China;Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modem Bioengineering and Animal Disease Research,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control(East China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao 266032,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032 [2]农业农村部动物生物安全风险预警及防控重点实验室(南方),山东青岛266032 [3]东北农业大学动物医学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [4]青岛市现代生物工程及动物疫病研究重点实验室,山东青岛266032 [5]农业农村部反刍动物重大疫病防控重点实验室(东部),山东青岛266032

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2025年第3期65-71,共7页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：国家现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-36);青岛市科技惠民示范专项(24-1-8-xdny-4-nsh)。

摘　　要：布鲁氏菌病(简称“布病”)是由布鲁氏菌引起的,我国当前重点防控的人兽共患病。布鲁氏菌毒力和致病机制研究是有效预防和控制布病的基础,而小鼠模型的应用极大促进了上述研究进程。感染途径、感染剂量、小鼠品系、年龄等均是布鲁氏菌小鼠感染模型建立的影响因素,其中腹腔注射感染途径是小鼠模型测试布鲁氏菌毒力的首选。布鲁氏菌在小鼠模型中的感染分为感染早期、急性感染期、慢性稳定期和慢性衰退期4个阶段,不同感染阶段小鼠的临床症状和病理学免疫学特征均有所差异。另外,在小鼠中很少发生布鲁氏菌水平和垂直传播。根据布鲁氏菌在小鼠感染和免疫方面的研究成果,世界动物卫生组织《陆生动物诊断试验与疫苗手册》明确规定了布病疫苗生产环节在小鼠模型上的残留毒力测试和免疫原性测试质量标准。本文总结了布鲁氏菌在小鼠模型中的感染模式、感染影响因素、水平传播特征、临床症状和病理学免疫学特征以及布病疫苗生产标准要求等,以期为布鲁氏菌的分子致病机制、疫苗等研究提供参考资料。Brucellosis,caused by Brucella,is a priority zoonotic disease to be prevented and controlled in China.The disease is effectively prevented and controlled based on researches on the virulence and pathogenic mechanism of Brucella,which are greatly driven by the application of mouse model.The construction of the model is influenced by infection route,infection doses,mouse varieties,age,etc.,especially intraperitoneal injection that is the preference for testing Brucella virulence.The Brucella infection in the model includes four stages:early infection,acute infection,chronic stabilization and chronic recession.Different clinical symptoms and pathological immunological characteristics are observed in infected mice at different stages.In addition,Brucella seldom spreads at horizontal and vertical level in mice.Standards for residual toxicity and immunogenicity tests in mouse model in the production of brucellosis vaccines are clearly defined by WOAH in the Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals based on research results of Brucella in mouse infection and immunity.In the article,the infection patterns,factors influencing infection,horizontal transmission characteristics,clinical symptoms,pathological and immunological characteristics of Brucella in mouse model,as well as standards for producing brucellosis vaccines were summarized,aiming to provide a reference for further researches on the molecular pathogenesis of Brucella and on relevant vaccines.

关 键 词：布鲁氏菌 小鼠感染模型 感染影响因素 感染模式 

分 类 号：S852.6[农业科学—基础兽医学]