某铜尾矿堆渣场重金属污染特征与风险评价  

Pollution Characterization and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in a Copper Tailings Slag Dump

作　　者：赵陈龙 周世跃 陶燕蓝 ZHAO Chenlong;ZHOU Shiyue;TAO Yanlan(Yunnan Zhijie Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wenshan 663000,Yunnan,China;College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]云南智捷环保科技有限公司,云南文山663000 [2]西南林业大学林学院,昆明650224

出　　处：《有色金属(冶炼部分)》2025年第5期181-193,共13页Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：云南省土壤污染防治专项资金资助项目(No.RD-WSZB2020-006)。

摘　　要：为探究废弃铜矿尾矿区重金属的环境风险,以云南省某废弃铜矿尾矿库为研究对象,通过调查地块历史变迁、现场踏勘,对土壤、地下水、地表水及废渣进行采样分析,综合运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数以及综合潜在生态风险指数等评估方法对重金属污染状况进行全面评价。结果显示,项目区废渣属于第Ⅰ类一般工业固体废物,地表水及地下水均能满足Ⅲ类标准限值要求,但是堆渣场周边农用地及非农用地土壤存在重金属As、Cu和Ni元素超标现象。单因子污染指数评价结果显示,项目区土壤整体均处于轻度污染及其以下水平,但As和Cd两种重金属元素处于警戒线分级标准之间,要加强对这两种重金属的关注。内梅罗综合污染指数显示,项目区56.76%的点位处于警戒线及轻度污染水平,表明项目区重金属污染情况不容忽视。根据综合潜在生态风险指数分析,项目区土壤综合潜在生态风险指数在33.200~62.162,整体生态风险较低。鉴于堆渣场周边土壤中的重金属存在超标现象,为避免这些重金属元素通过食物链等潜在途径侵入人体,对健康造成潜在风险,在研究区重金属污染问题得到有效解决之前,建议在研究区的受影响范围内暂停种植粮食、蔬果及其他植物,以规避可能对人体健康造成的潜在风险与危害。In order to investigate the environmental risk of heavy metals in the abandoned copper mine tailings area,an abandoned copper mine tailings depot in Yunnan Province was chosen as the research object,and soil,groundwater,surface water and waste residue were sampled and analyzed through the investigation of historical changes of the plot and site survey.The single factor pollution index,Nemerow comprehensive pollution index and comprehensive potential ecological risk index were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution.The results show that the waste slag in the project area belongs to the classⅠgeneral industrial solid waste,the surface water and groundwater can meet the classⅢstandard limit requirements,but there are heavy metals As,Cu and Ni in the soil of agricultural land and non-agricultural land around the slag farm.The evaluation results of single factor pollution index show that the overall soil in the project area is slightly polluted or below,but the two heavy metals As and Cd are between the warning line classification standards,and more attention should be paid to these two heavy metals.According to the Nemerow comprehensive potential ecological risk index analysis,the comprehensive potential ecological risk index of soil in the project area ranges from 33.200 to 62.162,indicating a low overall ecological risk.In view of the phenomenon of heavy metals in the soil surrounding the landfill are higher than acceptable,in order to avoid the intrusion of these heavy metals into human body through the food chain and other potential ways,which may cause potential health risks.It is recommended to suspend the cultivation of food,vegetables,fruits and other plants in the affected area of the study area unti l the problem of heavy metal pollution in the study area is effectively solved.So as to avoid potential risks and hazards that may be caused to human health.

关 键 词：铜尾矿 重金属污染 土壤污染 潜在生态风险 风险评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]