硫磺回收装置制硫炉余热锅炉结垢堵塞原因分析及对策  

Cause analysis and countermeasures of fouling and blockage of waste heat boiler of sulfur furnace in sulfur recovery unit

作　　者：贾正万 陈进旺 白新华 JIA Zhengwan;CHEN Jinwang;BAI Xinhua(CNOOC Zhoushan Petrochemical Co.,Ltd.,Zhoushan,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中海石油舟山石化有限公司

出　　处：《石油与天然气化工》2025年第2期29-34,共6页Chemical engineering of oil & gas

摘　　要：目的解决硫磺回收装置运行过程中因制硫炉余热锅炉过程气侧结垢堵塞导致余热锅炉过程气出口温度升高、系统压差增大、制硫炉被迫停工检修等问题。方法对停炉检查后发现的灰白色粉状堵塞垢物进行了化验分析,针对杂质元素的来源进行了系统性分析。结果化验分析结果表明,堵塞垢物的主要成分是铁和硅两类杂质元素的氧化物,确定了杂质元素主要通过常减压污水进入酸性水汽提、再由酸性水汽提含氨酸性气进入制硫炉的路径。上述杂质元素进入制硫炉后经脱水、氧化反应生成其氧化物附着在余热锅炉管束内壁,日积月累后造成管束的堵塞。结论为了避免杂质元素进入制硫炉,通过采取降低含氨酸性气温度、加强含氨酸性气脱水和改造常减压污水流程等措施,使制硫炉结垢问题得到了有效的解决,保证了硫磺回收装置的长周期稳定运行。Objective The aim is to solve problems such as the rise of the process gas outlet temperature of the waste heat boiler,the increase of the system pressure difference and the forced shutdown of the sulfur furnace due to the fouling and blockage of the process gas side of the waste heat boiler during the operation of the sulfur recovery unit.Method The gray-white powdery blockage scale found after the shutdown inspection was analyzed,and the source of impurity elements was systematically analyzed.Result Laboratory analysis revealed that the main components of the blockage scale were oxides of two kinds of impurity elements,iron and silicon.It was determined that the impurity elements entered the acid water stripping mainly through the atmospheric and vacuum sewage,and then entered the sulfur furnace from the ammonia-containing acid gas of acid water stripping.After the above impurity elements entered the sulfur furnace,they were dehydrated and oxidized to form their oxides attached to the inner wall of the waste heat boiler tube bundle,which caused the blockage of the tube bundle over time.Conclusion In order to prevent impurities from entering the sulfur furnace,the fouling problem of the sulfur furnace was effectively solved by reducing the temperature of ammonia-containing acid gas,strengthening the dehydration of ammonia-containing acid gas and reforming the process of atmospheric and vacuum sewage,so as to ensure the long-term stable operation of the sulfur recovery unit.

关 键 词：硫磺回收 制硫炉 结垢 堵塞 杂质元素 

分 类 号：TE96[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]