芳基脂肪酸金属盐体系的稠油催化降黏性能  

Catalytic viscosity reduction performance of aryl-fatty acid metal salt system for heavy oil

作　　者：穆健 郑延成[1] 孙志飞 常世腾 曾小丁 MU Jian;ZHENG Yancheng;SUN Zhifei;CHANG Shiteng;ZENG Xiaoding(College of Chemistry&Environmental Engineering,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei,China;No.11 Oil Production Plant,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Qingyang,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学化学与环境工程学院 [2]中国石油长庆油田分公司第十一采油厂

出　　处：《石油与天然气化工》2025年第2期85-91,共7页Chemical engineering of oil & gas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“碳点改性粒子协同扩展表面活性剂驱油体系构筑及机制研究”(52374030)。

摘　　要：目的解决胜利稠油中胶质及沥青质含量高、稠油开采难度大的问题。方法以金属Fe和Ni盐与芳基脂肪酸反应合成了油溶性脂肪酸过渡金属盐,筛选了溶剂与分散剂,优化了催化体系组成,考查了复合体系对稠油黏度及组成的影响。结果由等质量的芳基脂肪酸铁和C9溶剂构成的复合催化体系AOF具有较好的降黏性能。在油水质量比为7∶3、加入质量分数为1%的AOF在160℃下反应12 h后,稠油黏度从204160 mPa·s降至34520 mPa·s,再与质量分数为0.15%的分散剂复配后,黏度进一步降至485 mPa·s。催化反应后,稠油饱和分与芳香分的质量分数分别增加了7.84个百分点和5.83个百分点,高碳数烃含量减少,低碳数烃含量增多,反应温度升高,增加了饱和分、芳香分及低碳数烃类含量;分散剂促进了石油酸皂的生成,有利于O/W乳状液的形成。结论通过对催化反应前后胶质与沥青质的1HNMR测试表明,AOF与稠油的催化反应属于供氢催化裂解,促进稠环芳烃加氢及开环裂解。Objective The study aims to solve the problems of high content of resin and asphaltene in Shengli heavy oil and difficult exploitation of heavy oil.Method The oil-soluble fatty acid transition metal salts were synthesized by the reacting metal Fe and Ni salts with aryl-fatty acids.The solvents and dispersants were screened,the composition of the catalytic system was optimized,and the effect of the composite system on the viscosity and composition of heavy oil was investigated.Result The optimized catalytic system AOF composed of an equal mass of aryl fatty acid iron and C9 solvent had good viscosity reduction performance.The viscosity of heavy oil decreased from 204160 mPa·s to 34520 mPa·s after the reaction at 160℃for 12 h when the mass ratio of oil to water was 7∶3 and 1 wt%AOF was added.After compounding with 0.15 wt%dispersant,the viscosity could be further reduced to 485 mPa·s.The saturates and aromatics of heavy oil after the catalytic reaction increased by 7.84 percentage points and 5.83 percentage points,respectively.The content of high-carbon hydrocarbons decreased,and that of low-carbon hydrocarbons increased.With the increase of reaction temperature,the saturates and aromatics increased more after the reaction.Dispersants promoted the formation of petroleum acid soap,which was beneficial for the formation of O/W emulsions.Conclusion The 1HNMR test results of resin and asphaltene before and after the catalytic reaction detected indicate that the catalytic reaction between AOF and heavy oil belongs to hydrogen-donating catalytic cracking,which promotes the hydrogenation and ring-opening cracking of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

关 键 词：稠油 降黏 芳基脂肪酸 表面活性剂 催化体系 

分 类 号：TE357.46[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]