高浓度高氯酸铵废水生物联合降解中试研究  

Pilot-scale study on biological degradation of wastewater with high concentration ammonium perchlorate

作　　者：高宁博 刘冬雨 楚华 李兴刚 程丽杰 曾卉 田进 张迪 桂恒 全翠 GAO Ningbo;LIU Dongyu;CHU Hua;LI Xinggang;CHENG Lijie;ZENG Hui;TIAN Jin;ZHANG Di;GUI Heng;QUAN Cui(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China;Xi'an Aerospace Chemical Power Co.Ltd.,Xi'an 710100,China;China United Northwest Institute for Engineering Design&Research Co.Ltd.,Xi'an 710077,China;Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,China;Shaanxi Weihuan Energy Technology Co.Ltd.,Xianyang 712044,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,西安710049 [2]西安航天化学动力有限公司,西安710100 [3]中联西北工程设计研究院有限公司,西安710077 [4]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,昆明650201 [5]陕西威环能科技有限公司,咸阳712044

出　　处：《固体火箭技术》2025年第2期273-280,共8页Journal of Solid Rocket Technology

摘　　要：高氯酸铵(AP)作为强氧化剂被广泛应用在固体推进剂、炸药和烟火产品中,其大规模使用导致了水体中高氯酸盐和氨氮含量过高的问题。针对高浓度的AP废水污染问题,采用厌氧生物法降解高浓度高氯酸盐,建立升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)联合电离吹脱和生化工艺中试系统,高效处理高浓度AP废水。结果表明,实验室序批式和连续式实验可以高效去除废水中的高氯酸盐,中试去除率达到98.7%、氨氮去除率达到98.2%、化学需氧量(COD)去除率达到96.7%。研究表明,该系统在处理AP水效果方面表现良好,出水可达到排放标准,从成本和技术方面解决了高浓度AP废水处理的难题。Ammonium perchlorate(AP)is widely used as a strong oxidant in solid propellants and explosives and pyrotechnic products,and its large-scale use has led to the problem of high perchlorate and ammonia-nitrogen levels in water.To address the pollution problem of high concentration of AP wastewater,the anaerobic biological method was used to degrade high concentration of perchlorate,and a pilot system of upflow anaerobic sludge bed(UASB)combined with ionized stripping and biochemical process was established to efficiently treat high concentration of AP wastewater.The results show that the laboratory sequential batch and continuous experiments can efficiently remove perchlorate from the wastewater,and the pilot removal rate reaches 98.7%,ammonia nitrogen removal rate reaches 98.2%,and COD removal rate reachs 96.7%.The study shows that the system can effectively deal with AP wastewater,and the effluent can meet the discharge standard,eliminating the technical and cost challenges of treating high-concentration AP wastewater.

关 键 词：高氯酸铵 废水 生物降解 COD UASB 电离吹脱 生化工艺 

分 类 号：V512[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]