梯度结构热防护涂层增材制造成形与性能研究  

Additive manufacturing and properties of gradient structured heat protection coatings

作　　者：蔡思凡 周童 刘滔 王波 方淦 吴文杰 曹良成[1] CAI Sifan;ZHOU Tong;LIU Tao;WANG Bo;FANG Gan;WU Wenjie;CAO Liangcheng(Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chongqing 400713,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院,重庆400714 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《固体火箭技术》2025年第2期281-290,共10页Journal of Solid Rocket Technology

基　　金：中国科学院西部青年学者项目。

摘　　要：高超声速飞行器的研制亟需发展适应于极端热环境的新型防热结构和新技术。利用增材制造“离散-堆积”的工艺优势,将耐烧蚀组分和隔热组分在空间位置上挤出成形,实现个性化梯度结构防热涂层的编程制造。具体提出了基于微型螺杆的“在线计量-原位混合-连续变组分挤出-增材制造”的多组元增材制造系统原理,研究了基础树脂、耐烧蚀组分、隔热组分的流变行为和热防护性能,以及增材制造系统的高通量混合能力和梯度结构涂层的成形能力,制备了连续线梯度结构、径向梯度结构、轴向交替/连续梯度结构。增材制造成形了孔隙率从0.8%~47.8%呈5级递增的梯度结构样件(100 mm×100 mm×5.5 mm),并开展电弧风洞模拟考核试验。结果表明:样件表面峰值温度为616℃,背面峰值温度为45℃,烧蚀深度为-0.81 mm,试件表面平整,涂层无脱落;与均质涂层相比,梯度结构涂层抗烧蚀性能更优,密度降低了24.6%。The development of hypersonic vehicles necessitates the creation of novel heat protection structure and technology that can survive in extreme thermal conditions.Advances in its“discrete-accumulation”characteristics,additive manufacturing(AM)technique of“online metering-in situ mixing-variable-component extrusion-additive manufacturing”was proposed to deposit anti-ablation/thermal insulation components at specific spatial locations,offering a customization method of gradient structured heat protection coatings.The rheological behavior and thermal protection performance of resin,anti-ablation,and thermal insulation components were studied,along with the high-throughput mixing capacity and gradient-structure preparation ability of the AM system.Continuous lines with gradient structure,radial gradient structures,and axial alternating/continuous gradient structures were successfully fabricated.A gradient heat shielding sample(100 mm×100 mm×5.5 mm)with porosities ranging from 0.8%to 47.8%was prepared.The results show that the peak temperature on the surface of the specimen is 616℃,the peak temperature on the back is 45℃,and the ablation depth is-0.81 mm.The surface of the specimen is flat and the coating does not fall off.Compared to homogeneous coatings,the gradient-structured coatings exhibit superior ablation resistance,with a 24.6%reduction in density.

关 键 词：热防护 梯度结构 增材制造 多材料 涂层 

分 类 号：V255[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]