抗逆优质丰产柞蚕新品种辽蚕5278的选育  

Breeding of a New Tussah Silkworm Variety Liaocan 5278 with High Resistance,High Quality and High Yield

作　　者：徐亮[1] 钟亮[1] 焦阳[1] 姜晓旭 戚俐[1] XU Liang;ZHONG Liang;JIAO Yang;JIANG Xiaoxu;QI Li(Liaoning Sericulture Research Institute,Fengcheng Liaoning 118100,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省蚕业科学研究所,辽宁凤城118100

出　　处：《北方蚕业》2025年第1期12-19,共8页North Sericulture

基　　金：辽宁省农业科学院院长基金项目(2021QN2010);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-18);柞蚕品种选育学科建设项目(2022DD175629);农业农村部辽宁野蚕科学观测实验站项目(23-S-15);国家桑蚕改良中心辽宁柞蚕分中心项目(2015-A2211-210682-A0105-002)。

摘　　要：以抗逆、优质、丰产柞蚕新品种辽蚕527和抗病丰产品种墨玉为亲本,通过优势杂交组合筛选、杂交种生产性能比较试验、抗病性能的比较及农村生产区域测试和缫丝试验,历经4年8代育成了抗逆丰产优质柞蚕新品种辽蚕5278。新品种春蚕期收蚁结茧率为30.40%,比对照种高2.73个百分点,发病率为1.61%,比对照种低0.69个百分点,千粒茧重为9.28 kg,比对照种高5.10%,千克卵收茧量为292.52 kg,比对照种增产12.99%;秋蚕期收蚁结茧率26.07%,比对照种高3.15个百分点,发病率为9.42%,比对照种低0.84个百分点,千粒茧重为11.51 kg,比对照种高3.88%,千克卵收茧量为299.50 kg,比对照种增产16.30%;ApNPV发病死亡率比对照种低10.73个百分点;茧丝长1125.48 m,比对照种长11.77%,解舒率57.66%,比对照种高7.69个百分点,解舒丝长648.95 m,比对照种长28.97%,生丝公量80.81 g,比对照种高14.67%,鲜茧出丝率7.11%,比对照种高0.63个百分点;2020—2022年累计推广辽蚕5278春蚕4266.67 hm^(2)、秋蚕33173.33 hm^(2),平均增产12.74%。综上表明,新品种茧质优良、抗逆抗病性强、增产效果明显,适于二化二放蚕区推广应用。Using the new tussah silkworm variety Liaocan 527 with high stress resistance,high quality and high yield and the disease-resistant and high-yield variety Moyu as parent lines,a new variety of stress-resistant and high-yield mulberry silkworm,Liaocan 5278,was developed through dominant hybrid combination selection,comparative trials of hybrid production performance,comparisons of disease resistance,field tests in rural production areas and silk reeling tests over 4 years and 8 generations.The new variety showed a cocoon production rate of 30.40%during the spring,which was 2.73 percentage points higher than that of the control variety,and a disease incidence of 1.61%,which was 0.69 percentage points lower than the control.The weight of 1,000 cocoons was 9.28 kg,showing an increase of 5.10%compared to the control variety,and the yield per kilogram of eggs produced was 292.52 kg,representing a 12.99%increase.During the autumn,the cocoon production rate was 26.07%,which was 3.15 percentage points higher than the control,with a disease incidence of 9.42%,which is 0.84 percentage points lower.The weight of 1,000 cocoons during this period was 11.51 kg,3.88%more than the control,and the yield per kilogram of eggs produced was 299.50 kg,an increase of 16.30%.Additionally,the mortality rate due to ApNPV was 10.73 percentage points lower than that of the control variety.The silk length was measured at 1,125.48 m,which was 11.77%longer than that of the control variety,and the reeling rate was 57.66%,exceeding the control by 7.69 percentage points.The length of the reeling silk was 648.95 m,representing an increase of 28.97%,with raw silk yield per unit of cocoon weight at 80.81 g,which was 14.67%higher than that of the control,and the fresh cocoon yielding rate was 7.11%,higher by 0.63 percentage points compared to the control.From 2020 to 2022,Liaocan 5278 was promoted across a total area of 4,266.67 hm^(2)(approximately 64,000 acres)for spring silkworms and 33,173.33 hm^(2)(approximately 497,600 acres)for autumn silkworms

关 键 词：柞蚕品种 辽蚕5278 抗逆 优质 丰产 

分 类 号：S883.9[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]