自动化行政行为的司法审查研究  

Research on Judicial Review of Automated Administrative Acts

作　　者：任帅杰 Ren Shuaijie(Qinghai Minzu University,Xining Qinghai 810000)

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《安徽警官职业学院学报》2025年第1期8-13,37,共7页Journal of Anhui Vocational College of Police Officers

基　　金：2024年青海民族大学研究生创新项目“自动化行政行为的司法审查研究——基于与现场执法行政行为的比较”(04M2024200)。

摘　　要：随着自动化行政在时空要件、主体关系及行为客体等要素层面突破传统现场执法的运行边界,现行司法审查机制面临系统性适配困境。《行政诉讼法》及其配套规范虽构建了行政行为司法审查的基本框架,但面对自动化行政呈现双重治理失效:在实践维度,存在裁判说理形式化、法律适用偏差与程序性权利虚置等问题,致使相对人败诉率长期畸高;在制度维度,立法供给滞后导致审查程序断层化与问责机制碎片化,形成权利救济的结构性障碍。基于行政过程论视角,建立三阶递进式审查体系可成为破解路径:在行政前阶段,通过算法解释与数据溯源强化知情权保障;在事中阶段,构建事实认定与程序审查并行的双轨制审查模式;在事后阶段,建立人工介入的决策校正机制与责任链追溯体系。该模式通过技术要素与法律价值的深度融合,实现司法审查从形式合规向实质正义的范式转型,为数字政府治理的法治化进阶提供制度支撑。Compared with on-site law enforcement,the factors of automatic administrative behavior,such as time and space,subject and object,have changed,and the traditional judicial review is difficult to meet the new needs.Although the Administrative Procedure Law stipulates the scope of application,jurisdiction,prosecution conditions,hearing procedures,and execution of judgments of administrative litigation,it provides a legal basis for judicial review of administrative acts.The Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues concerning the trial of administrative license cases also make provisions on the legal basis,the authority of review,and the effectiveness of administrative acts as evidence,but in general,the legislative supply is insufficient.Judging from the situation of adjudication,there are problems of law application error and formal review in adjudication reasoning.The problems of inadequate legislative supply,incomplete review procedures,imperfect accountability system,and the dilemma of the protection of the rights of the counterpart reveal the incompatibility between the traditional judicial review model and automated administrative behavior.Therefore,the concept of process review is introduced to ensure technical legitimacy and algorithm transparency in the pre-review stage.In the examination stage,the review modelto fact identification and procedural review is constructed,and the correction system should be improved in the post-examination stage.

关 键 词：自动化行政行为 司法审查 行政过程论 程序正义 数字法治政府 

分 类 号：DF3[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]