茄子远缘杂交研究进展  

Progress of research on distant hybridization of eggplant

作　　者：朱蔡红 杨旭 ZHU Caihong;YANG Xu(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China;Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Agricultural and Agricultural Product Safety,Ministry of Education,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学园艺园林学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]扬州大学教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2025年第4期10-16,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31972395)。

摘　　要：茄子作为全球重要蔬菜作物,其营养价值高,含维生素E、生物碱等成分,兼具保健功能。然而,栽培茄遗传基础狭窄,抗病基因多存在于野生茄及半栽培种中,连作障碍、黄萎病等问题频发。因此,通过远缘杂交整合野生茄抗病、抗逆基因成为育种关键。研究显示,野生茄对黄萎病、低温及高温胁迫表现出高抗性,但与栽培茄存在生殖隔离现象。远缘杂交面临受精前障碍、受精后障碍及F_(1)不育等挑战。通过亲本选择、授粉技术优化等方式可部分克服障碍。未来需系统收集野生茄资源,拓展抗性研究至营养与品质性状,并融合基因组学、基因编辑与传统育种,以创制抗病抗逆、高产优质的新品种。远缘杂交技术的创新与多学科交叉应用将是提升茄子育种效率、实现可持续发展的核心方向。Eggplant is an important globally vegetable crop with high nutritional value,rich in vitamin E and alkaloids,and also offers health benefits.However,the genetic base of cultivated eggplant is narrow,and many disease-resistant genes are found in wild relatives and semi-domesticated species,leading to frequent challenges such as continuous cropping obstacles and Verticillium wilt.Thus,integrating disease-resistant and stress-tolerant genes from wild eggplants into cultivated varieties through distant hybridization has become a critical breeding strategy.Studies indicate that wild eggplants exhibit high resistance to Verticillium wilt,low-temperature and high-temperature stress,but face reproductive isolation barriers when hybridized with cultivated varieties.Distant hybridization encounters challenges including pre-fertilization barriers,post-fertilization barriers,and F_(1) hybrid sterility.These barriers can be partially overcome through parental selection and optimization of pollination techniques.Future efforts should focus on systematically collecting wild eggplant resources,expanding resistance research to nutritional and quality traits,and integrating genomics,gene editing,and traditional breeding to develop new cultivars with enhanced disease resistance,stress tolerance,high yield,and excellent quality.Innovations in distant hybridization technologies and interdisciplinary approaches will be pivotal for improving eggplant breeding efficiency and achieving sustainable development.

关 键 词：茄子 远缘杂交 种间杂交障碍 克服途径 杂种鉴定 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]