西瓜EMS诱变突变体表型鉴定与矮化突变体遗传分析  

Phenotypic screening of EMS mutants in watermelon and genetic dissection of dwarf mutant

作　　者：闫梦苑 康旗帅 袁伟格 唐培森 豆峻岭 刘东明 杨森 朱华玉 邓云 张兴平 杨路明[1] YAN Mengyuan;KANG Qishuai;YUAN Weige;TANG Peisen;DOU Junling;LIU Dongming;YANG Sen;ZHU Huayu;DENG Yun;ZHANG Xingping;YANG Luming(College of Horticulture,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,Henan,China;Institute of Modern Agriculture,Peking University,Weifang 261000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学园艺学院,郑州450046 [2]北京大学现代农业研究院,山东潍坊261000

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2025年第4期28-34,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32172602);河南省农业良种联合攻关项目(2022010503);河南省重大科技专项(221100110400)。

摘　　要：以西瓜种质G42花粉诱变获得的M_(1)和M_(2)代突变体材料为试材,在西瓜全生育期对子叶、真叶、花、株型和果实等重要农艺性状进行调查和记录。在1244株M_(1)代突变体中,获得了子叶颜色变异、叶片形态变异、半矮化、果皮颜色变异、雄性不育等性状的59株突变体,总突变率为4.74%,其中叶片相关性状突变率最高,为1.12%。在1007个家系9741株M_(2)代突变体中筛选到半矮化、雄性不育、真叶黄化、果实大小等性状的发生突变,总变异率为18.87%,其中果实的突变率最高,为5.86%。对M_(2)代筛选到的矮化突变体M_(2)59进行遗传分析,发现该矮化突变体与G42杂交构建的F2群体中正常株高与矮化单株符合3∶1分离比,由1对隐性单基因控制。通过对大量西瓜EMS突变体库的筛选与鉴定,筛选到一系列株型、雄性不育、果实变异的突变体,为今后西瓜优异农艺性状相关基因的挖掘以及优异新品种的选育等研究工作提供了丰富的材料基础。The M_(1) and M_(2) generation mutants induced by pollen mutagenesis of the the watermelon germplasm G42 were used as materias for investigation and statistical analysis of important agronomic traits,such as cotyledon,true leaf,flower,plant architecture,and fruit characteristics throughout the whole growth period.Among the 1244 M_(1) mutants,59 mutants with 18 phenotypic variations were obtained,including cotyledon color,leaf morphology,semi-dwarfism,fruit rind color,and male sterility,with a total mutation rate of 4.74%.The mutation rate for leaf-related traits was the highest at 1.12%.By screening of 9741 plants across 1007 M_(2) families,mutations such as semi-dwarfism,male sterility,true leaf chlorosis,and fruit size were identified,with a total mutation rate of 18.87%.The highest mutation rate was fruit traits with a level of 5.86%.Genetic analysis of the dwarf mutant M_(2)59 selected from the M_(2) generation revealed that the normal and dwarf plants in the F_(2) population constructed by crossing with G42 followed a 3∶1 segregation ratio,indicating that the dwarf trait was controlled by a recessive gene.Through the screening and identification of a large number of watermelon EMS mutant libraries,a series of mutants with variations in plant architecture,male sterility,and fruit traits were selected.These results provide valuable resources for future research on the discovery of genes related to desirable agronomic traits and the breeding of superior watermelon cultivars.

关 键 词：西瓜 甲基磺酸乙酯 突变体筛选 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学]