大型储罐风险因素识别与火灾爆炸模拟分析  

IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS OF LARGE STORAGE TANKS AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION

作　　者：石建成 杨玉锋 张强 程可心 段宇航 Shi Jiancheng;Yang Yufeng;Zhang Qiang;Cheng Kexin;Duan Yuhang(PipeChina Institute of Science and Technology,Tianjin,300450;PipeChina Engineering technology Innovation Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin,300457)

机构地区：[1]国家管网集团科学技术研究总院分公司,天津300450 [2]国家管网集团工程技术创新有限公司,天津300457

出　　处：《石油化工安全环保技术》2025年第2期44-49,68,I0003,共8页Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Technology

摘　　要：为提高储罐的安全运行及管理,分析了183例国内外储罐典型失效案例,针对储罐火灾爆炸事故的问题,基于案例收集与作业区现场生产特点,分别采用事故树和EFFECTS进行定性与定量分析。结果表明:在给定的参数下,火灾热辐射伤害范围随着泄漏孔径及环境风速的增大而增大,而超压冲击波伤害范围与泄漏孔径成正比,与环境风速成反比。相同风速下,75mm泄漏孔径比25mm泄漏孔径造成超压冲击波的安全距离增大约2.6倍;75mm泄漏孔径的热辐射死亡半径是25mm泄漏孔径的1.2倍,影响储罐火灾爆炸的最主要因素是泄漏孔径。In order to improve the safe operation and management of storage tanks,183 typical failure cases of storage tanks at home and abroad were analyzed.Aiming at the problems of fire and explosion accidents of storage tanks and based on the case collection and the on-site production characteristics of the operation area,the fault tree analysis and EFFECTS analysis were respectively carried out for qualitative and quantitative analysis.The results show that:under the given parameters,the damage range of fire thermal radiation increases with the increase of the leakage aperture and the environmental wind speed,while the damage range of the overpressure shock wave is proportional to the leakage aperture and inversely proportional to the environmental wind speed.Under the same wind speed,the safe distance of the overpressure shock wave caused by a leakage aperture of 75mm is about 2.6 times larger than that caused by a leakage aperture of 25mm;the thermal radiation death radius of a leakage aperture of 75mm is 1.2 times that of a leakage aperture of 25mm.The most important factor affecting the fire and explosion of storage tanks is the leakage aperture.

关 键 词：大型储罐 风险因素识别 事故树 EFFECTS 火灾爆炸模拟分析 

分 类 号：TE88[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]