论中世纪中晚期英国王室法官收入途径之变革  

On the Reform of the Ways of Income of England Royal Judges in the Mid-to Late-Medieval

作　　者：朱健 Zhu Jian

机构地区：[1]南昌大学人文学院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《外国问题研究》2025年第1期107-118,159,160,共14页FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“中世纪英国王室法官群体研究(1154—1485)”(编号:24CSS005)。

摘　　要：1278年以前,英国王室法官承继以往王室官员的收入方式,依靠君主授予职位、土地监护权、婚姻关系以及临时犒赏等途径维持生计。另外,他们还经常利用职务之便,从诉讼当事人处敛财。这一时期王室法官没有常规与制度化的收入途径。1278年,在专业化、世俗化与规范化趋势的推动下,爱德华一世为王室法官建立起常规工资制度。不过,这一制度短时间内没有解决以往王室法官从诉讼当事人处敛财的问题。直到14世纪末,受瓦特·泰勒起义与议会请愿的影响,王室法官开始从“国王的仆人”走向公众的司法官吏,工资才成为其主要收入。王室法官收入途径之变革与其身份转变相互交织,展现了中世纪中晚期英国社会转型进程中司法官吏的转型过程。Prior to 1278,English royal judges inherited the income patterns of previous royal officials,relying on the monarch’s grants of office,custody of land,matrimonial ties,and temporary treats to sustain their livelihoods.In addition,they often took advantage of their positions to accumulate wealth from litigants.There was no regular and institutionalized means of income for the royal judges during this period,and in 1278,driven by the trend towards professionalization,secularization and standardization,Edward I established a regular salary system for royal judges.However,this system did not solve,for a short time,the problem of the previous royal judges’enrichment from litigants.It was not until the end of the 14th century,influenced by the Wat Tyler rebellion and parliamentary petitions,that royal judges began to transition from being“king’servants”to public judicial officers.At that point,their salaries became their primary source of income.The changes in the income sources of royal judges and their identity transformation are intertwined,demonstrating the transformation of judicial officials in the process of social transformation in mid-and late-medieval England.

关 键 词：王室法官 收入 工资制度 国王的仆人 司法官吏 

分 类 号：K561.3[历史地理—历史学]