濒危植物蝴蝶树所在群落不同林层优势树种生态位与种间联结  

Niches and interspecific associations of dominant tree species of different forest layers in the communities with the endangered plant Heritiera parvifolia

作　　者：商乃演 李东海[1] 杨小波[1] 黄耀 刘人通 苏欣 杜春雁 和绍翠 祁天运 SHANG Naiyan;LI Donghai;YANG Xiaobo;HUANG Yao;LIU Rentong;SU Xin;DU Chunyan;HE Shaocui;QI Tianyun(College of Ecology,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学,生态学院,海口570228

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第7期3389-3400,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：海南省林业局资助项目(HD-KYH-2022165)。

摘　　要：探究濒危植物群落优势树种的种间关系,有助于了解优势树种种间资源利用习性及群落演替阶段,可为区域的濒危植物保育和自然植被恢复提供理论依据。基于海南热带雨林国家公园吊罗山片区蝴蝶树所在群落的野外调查数据,利用Shannon和Levins生态位宽度指数、Levins生态位重叠指数、方差比率法(VR)、χ^(2)检验和Spearman秩相关检验法,对群落内的中、小乔木层和大、中灌木层优势树种生态位和种间联结进行分析。结果显示:(1)不同林层的蝴蝶树重要值和生态位宽度均较大,在群落资源竞争中占据主导地位,中、小乔木层和大灌木层的青梅重要值偏高,而生态位宽度远小于蝴蝶树,分布频度对生态位宽度影响较大。(2)大灌木层优势树种存在生态位重叠种对(188组)最多,中灌木层(137组)最少,更能充分利用群落资源,蝴蝶树在小乔木层存在明显生态位重叠种对(15组)最多,种间竞争激烈。(3)中乔木层优势树种总体呈不显著正联结,而小乔木层和大、中灌木层均呈显著正联结,群落稳定性较高。(4)综合χ^(2)检验和Spearman秩相关检验发现,小乔木层和中灌木层种间正相关占优势,更利于物种共存,但不同林层的绝大部分种对均呈不显著关联,种间关联较松散,各物种分布的独立性较强。Understanding interspecific relationships among dominant tree species in endangered plant communities enhances our knowledge of their ecological behaviors,especially regarding resource utilization and community succession phases,providing a theoretical foundation for conserving regionally endangered plants and restoring natural vegetation.This study analyzed the niche and interspecific associations of dominant tree species with field investigation data from communities of Heritiera parvifolia in Diaoluo Mountain of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park.The analysis utilized the Shannon and Levins niche width index,Levins niche overlap index,variance ratio(VR),Chi⁃square test(χ^(2) test),and Spearman′s rank correlation coefficient test across the middle and small arbor layers and the large and middle shrub layers.The results showed that:(1)The importance values and niche width of Heritiera parvifolia were greater across various forest layers.This suggested that Heritiera parvifolia occupied a dominant position in the competition for community resources.The importance values of Vatica mangachapoi in the middle and small arbor layers,as well as in the large shrub layer was high,However,its niche width was significantly smaller than that of Heritiera parvifolia.The frequency of distribution had a greater effect on niche width.(2)The dominant tree species in the large shrub layer had the highest number of species pairs(188 groups)with niche overlap and the lowest number in the middle shrub layer(137 groups).This finding suggests that the dominant tree species in the middle shrub layer process a heightened capacity for environmental adaptation and resource utilization.Heritiera parvifolia had the highest number of species pairs(15 groups)with significant niche overlap in the small arbor layer,and interspecific competition was intense.(3)The dominant tree species in the middle arbor layer showed an overall insignificant positive association,but the dominant tree species in the small arbor layer,as well as la

关 键 词：蝴蝶树 不同林层 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 种间关联 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]