经历捕食胁迫后鲫对化学预警信息的行为响应特征  

The effects of predation stress and chemical pheromones on individual and collective behavior of crucian carp

作　　者：曹冰 曾令清 CAO Bing;ZENG Lingqing(Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes,Chongqing 401331,China;Animal Biology Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学进化生理与行为学实验室,重庆401331 [2]淡水鱼类资源保护与利用重庆市重点实验室,重庆401331 [3]动物生物学重庆市高校重点实验室,重庆401331

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第7期3520-3533,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31300341);重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0124);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN201900540,KJQN202000539)。

摘　　要：诸如化学预警信息(Chemical alarm cues, CAC)之类的外部线索已被证明对鱼类的个体行为响应具有深刻的影响,然而化学预警信息对鱼类集群行为影响的研究鲜有关注。由于栖息环境中捕食者的存在,鱼类面临巨大的被捕食风险,而捕食胁迫已被证实可改变鱼类个体水平的行为响应,进而影响鱼群的群体凝聚力和协调性。以喜集群的鲫(Carassius auratus)幼鱼为实验对象,测定不同捕食胁迫处理下(无捕食者、有捕食者)鲫幼鱼对三种化学信息素(食物、CAC、捕食者信息)和水的个体和群体水平的行为响应特征。结果显示:(1)在无捕食胁迫处理组(对照组)中,食物信息素和水的添加导致个体水平上的个体游泳速度和运动时间比均显著降低,捕食者信息素的添加导致个体水平上的个体游泳速度和运动时间比均显著增加;添加三种化学信息素和水后,个体水平的静止时间显著增加。(2)对照组中,食物信息素和水的添加导致鱼群的群体运动速度均显著减慢,CAC和捕食者信息素的注入导致鱼群的群体运动速度增加,而CAC的注入降低了鱼群的个体游泳速度同步性和群体极性。(3)在有捕食胁迫处理组(实验组)中,添加CAC和捕食者信息素后鱼群的群体运动速度和群体运动时间比均显著增加,而食物信息素和CAC的加入增加了鱼群的个体间距离和最近邻距离;食物信息素和水的添加降低了鱼群的个体游泳速度同步性,而捕食者信息素的添加降低鱼群的个体游泳速度同步性和群体极性。研究表明:在个体水平上,捕食胁迫会降低鲫幼鱼个体对化学信息素的行为响应程度,而在群体水平上,捕食胁迫和化学信息素均会降低鲫鱼群的群体凝聚力和协调性。在捕食胁迫条件下鲫鱼群对化学信息素的敏感性相对较高,但在游泳过程中鱼群排列更加无序和分散。External cues such as Chemical alarm cues(CAC)have been shown to have a profound impact on individual behavioral responses of fish,yet the impact of such cues on collective fish behavior has received scant attention.Due to the presence of predators in the habitat,fish are at great risk of predation,and predation stress has been proven to change the behavioral response of fish at the individual level,thus affecting the group cohesion and coordination of fish.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of predation stress and chemical pheromones on individual and cluster behavior of juvenile caucian carp(Carassius auratus).The study measured the individual and cluster behavioral responses of juvenile crucian carp to four chemical pheromones(e.g.,water,food,CAC,and predator information)under different predation stress intensities(predator⁃free and predator⁃present).Our results showed that:(1)In the predator⁃free stress treatment group(control group),the introduction of water and food pheromones significantly decreased individual swimming speed and activity duration,whereas predator pheromones significantly increased these parameters;following the introduction of all four chemical pheromones,individual rest time notably increased.(2)In this control treatment,the individual swimming speed and group movement speed of fish were significantly reduced by addition of water and food pheromones.The injection of CAC and predator pheromones resulted in an increase in group movement speed,while the injection of CAC resulted in a decrease in individual swimming speed synchronization and group polarity.(3)In the predator stress treatment group(experimental group),the addition of CAC and predator pheromone significantly increased the group movement speed and group movement time ratio,while the addition of food pheromone and CAC increased the distance between individuals and the nearest neighbor distance of fish.The addition of water and food pheromones decreased the synchronicity of speed,while the addition of preda

关 键 词：鲫 化学预警信息 捕食胁迫 个体行为 集群行为 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]